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Mustelidae

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Description

The Mustelidae (from Latin mustela, weasel) are a family of carnivorous mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, ferrets, martens, minks, and wolverines, among others. Mustelids are a diverse group and form the largest family in the order Carnivora, suborder Caniformia. Mustelidae comprises about 56–60 species across eight subfamilies.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustelidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5307	https://www.gbif.org/species/5307
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	41086	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41086

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943
family	Mustelidae	Fischer 1817

Common Name

mustelid carnivore

Scientific Name

Mustelidae

Name Published In

Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow vol.5 p.372

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Digitigradae	stated without evidence	Gray, 1821
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Ferae	stated without evidence	Bonaparte, 1850
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Carnivora	stated with evidence	Leidy, 1873
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Arctoidea	stated without evidence	Flower, 1883
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Fissipedia	stated without evidence	Cope, 1889
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Arctoidea	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Ursocanidi	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Caenoidea	stated without evidence	Scheffer and Rice, 1963
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Kurten, 1968
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Fissipedia	stated without evidence	Hendey, 1974
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Musteloidea	stated without evidence	Tedford, 1976
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Fissipedia	stated without evidence	Kurten and Anderson, 1980
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Musteloidea	stated without evidence	Muizon, 1982
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Arctoidea	implied	Carroll, 1988
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Carnivora	implied	Nowak, 1991
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Fissipedia	stated without evidence	Vidal, 1991
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Musteloidea	stated without evidence	Baskin, 1998
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Carnivora	implied	Sach and Heizmann, 2001
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Morales and Pickford, 2005
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Mustelida	stated without evidence	Wang et al., 2005
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Arctoidea	stated without evidence	Owen, 2006
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Musteloidea	stated without evidence	Labs Hochstein, 2007
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Caniformia	stated without evidence	Prevosti and Ferrero, 2008
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Carnivora	stated without evidence	Bever and Zakrzewski, 2009
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Musteloidea	stated without evidence	Robles et al., 2010
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Caniformia	stated with evidence	Salesa et al., 2013
Mustelidae	family	belongs to Mustelida	stated with evidence	Wang et al., 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

448

Extant Size (PBDB)

119 (27%)

First Recorded Appearance

40.4 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore, omnivore

Ecospace Comments

life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Marterachtigen, Mustelid Carnivore, Weasels, Badgers, Skunks, Otters, Mårddjur, Mårfamilien, イタチ, Mustelids

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustelidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Galictinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		107	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Grisoninae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Guloninae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		120	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Leptarctinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		62	23.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Lutrinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Otter	221	28.4 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Martinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Melinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Badger	211	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Mellivorinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Ratel	62	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Mustelavinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		4	37.2 Ma Eocene	26.3 Ma Oligocene
Mustelinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		349	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Mustellinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Oligobuninae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		62	30.8 Ma Oligocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Potamotheriinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		9	33.9 Ma Oligocene	13.7 Ma Miocene
Taxidiinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Badger	85	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Ictonychini tribe	listed (PBDB)		13	8.70 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Lutrina tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Mephitina tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Mustelina tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Viverrina tribe	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Acheronictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	30.8 Ma Oligocene	30.8 Ma Oligocene
Ailurictis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Algarolutra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Amblonyx genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Amphicticeps ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	33.9 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Anatolictis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Aonyx genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Clawless Otter	29	7.25 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Arctomeles ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	10.3 Ma Miocene	4.20 Ma Pliocene
Arctonyx genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Hog Badger	9	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Arikarictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	30.8 Ma Oligocene	24.8 Ma Oligocene
Baranogale ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	8.70 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Brachyopsigale ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	10.3 Ma Miocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Brachyprotoma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Brachypsalis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Brevimalictis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Buisnictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		16	10.3 Ma Miocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Canimartes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cernictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	10.3 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Chamitaxus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	10.3 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Circamustela ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Craterogale ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Cyrnaonyx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Dinogale ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Djourabus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eira genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Tayra	6	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Enhydra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Sea Otter	29	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Enhydriodon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		30	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Enhydritherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	23.0 Ma Miocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Eomellivora ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	13.7 Ma Miocene	8.70 Ma Miocene
Erokomellivora ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Ferinestrix ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	4.90 Ma Pliocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Floridictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	24.8 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Franconictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	28.4 Ma Oligocene	22.4 Ma Miocene
Galictis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Grison	4	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Gulo genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Wolverine	24	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Hadrictis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Hoplictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	23.0 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Hydrictis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hypsoparia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ictonyx genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Striped Polecat	7	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Kenyalutra ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Kinometaxia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Laphyctis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lartetictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	16.0 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Legionarictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Leptarctus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		47	23.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Limnonyx genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	13.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Lontra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Otter	37	10.3 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Luogale ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lutra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Otter	95	28.4 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Lutraeximia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Lutravus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	13.6 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Lutrogale ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Lyncodon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Patagonian Weasel	1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Marcetia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Martes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Martinogale ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	13.6 Ma Miocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Matanomictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Megalenhydris ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Megalictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	24.8 Ma Oligocene	24.8 Ma Oligocene
Meles genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Badger	61	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Melidellavus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Mellalictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Mellivora genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Ratel	45	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Melogale genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Mesomephitis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Miomephitis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Miomustela ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Mionictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		22	23.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Mustela genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Weasel	220	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Mustelictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Mydaus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Namibictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Negodiaetictis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Neovison genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		26	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Oligobunis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	30.8 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Osmotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	1.80 Ma Pleistocene
Palaeomeles ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paludolutra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	8.70 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Parabrachypsalis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Paragale ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paralutra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.1 Ma Miocene
Parataxidea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	16.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Pekania genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		16	10.3 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Perunium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Plesictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	33.9 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Plesiogale ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	23.0 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Plesiogulo ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		30	16.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Plesiomeles ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pliogale ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	16.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Plionictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		17	20.4 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Pliotaxidea ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Badger	21	23.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Poecilictis genus	listed (PBDB)	Saharan Striped Weasel	2	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Poecilogale genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Potamotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	33.9 Ma Oligocene	13.7 Ma Miocene
Prepoecilogale ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Presictis genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Promartes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	30.8 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Promellivora ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Promephitis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		15	11.6 Ma Miocene	4.20 Ma Pliocene
Proputorius ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		15	20.4 Ma Miocene	8.70 Ma Miocene
Protarctos ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Pteronura genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Giant Otter	5	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Puijila ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Pyctis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Sabadellictis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sardolutra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Satherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Semantor ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Siamogale ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.1 Ma Miocene	11.1 Ma Miocene
Sinictis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sivalictis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sivaonyx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Sminthosinis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	10.3 Ma Miocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Sthenictis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Stromeriella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	22.4 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Taxidea genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Badger	61	10.3 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Taxodon ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.1 Ma Miocene
Tisisthenes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	1.80 Ma Pleistocene
Torolutra ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Trigonictis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		61	10.3 Ma Miocene	1.80 Ma Pleistocene
Trocharion ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Trochotherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	12.8 Ma Miocene
Tyrrhenolutra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	8.70 Ma Miocene	8.70 Ma Miocene
Vishnuonyx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Vormela genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Marbled Polecat	4	8.70 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Xenictis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	5.33 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Zodiolestes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	24.8 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Mestuela frenata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ursitapus inauritus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Mustilidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustilidae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1817	Mustelidae Fischer
1821	Mustelladae Gray p. 301
1850	Mustelidae Bonaparte p. 1
1873	Mustelidae Leidy p. 316
1875	Mustelidae Cope p. 5–6
1883	Mustelidae Flower p. 185
1889	Mustelidae Cope p. 876
1891	Mustelidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1902	Mustelidae Hay p. 765
1911	Mustelidae Jaekel p. 229
1963	Mustelidae Scheffer and Rice p. 2
1968	Mustelidae Kurten p. 90
1974	Mustelidae Hendey p. 68
1976	Mustelidae Tedford p. 372
1980	Mustelidae Kurten and Anderson p. 146
1982	Mustelidae Muizon p. 262 figs. Fig. 1
1985	Mustelidae Berta and Morgan p. 810
1988	Mustelidae Carroll

Year	Name and Author
1991	Mustelidae Nowak
1991	Mustelidae Vidal p. 6
1998	Mustelidae Baskin p. 154
2001	Mustelidae Sach and Heizmann p. 30
2005	Mustelidae Morales and Pickford p. 235
2005	Mustelidae Wang et al. p. 48 fig. 17
2006	Mustelidae Owen p. 1002
2006	Mustelidae Salesa et al. p. 381
2007	Mustelidae Labs Hochstein p. 532
2008	Mustelidae Prevosti and Ferrero p. 1172
2009	Mustelidae Bever and Zakrzewski p. 466
2009	Mustelidae Tseng et al. p. 14
2010	Mustelidae Robles et al. p. 550
2013	Mustelidae Salesa et al. p. 453
2016	Mustelidae Valenciano et al. p. 6
2018	Mustelidae Valenciano et al.
2018	Mustelidae Wang et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Gray J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals, The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15, 296-310

Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematis Mastozoologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the system of mammals. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1

Leidy J. Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories, Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1, 1-358

Cope E. D. , Systematic Catalogue of Vertebrata of the Eocene of New Mexico, Collected in 1874. Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, Engineer Department, U. S. Army, 5-37

Flower W. H. On the arrangement of the Orders and Families of existing Mammalia, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, 178-186

Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

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