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Spirolina

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Description

Spirolina is a genus of foraminifera in the family Peneroplidae.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirolina, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	7527525	https://www.gbif.org/species/7527525
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	2587	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=2587

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Miliolida : Peneroplidae : Spirolina

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Foraminferea : Miliolida : Peneroplidae : Spirolina

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
class	Foraminferea	Lee 1990
order	Miliolida	Lankester 1885
suborder	Miliolina	Delage and Hérouard 1896
superfamily	Soritacea	Ehrenberg 1839
family	Peneroplidae	Renss 1860
genus	Spirolina	Lamarck 1804

Scientific Name

Spirolina Lamarck, 1804

Name Published In

Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 5 (28)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Spirolina	genus	belongs to Peneroplidae	stated without evidence	Loeblich and Tappan, 1988
Spirolina	genus	belongs to Foraminiferida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Spirolina	genus	belongs to Peneroplidae	stated without evidence	Margerel, 2012

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (100%)

First Recorded Appearance

93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

hypersaline,marine (based on Miliolina)

Motility

stationary (based on Miliolina)

Diet

deposit feeder (based on Miliolina)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Miliolina)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirolina

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Spirolina arrecta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina astartina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina austriaca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina bathonica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina clavata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina coryensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina crassicosta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina cretacea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina cylindracea species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Spirolina dudensa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina farsiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina grandis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina indica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina krokossi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina laevigata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina lagenalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina longissima species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina mariei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina navarroi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina pedum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina poroschini species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina pulchra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina punctatostriata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina pusilla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina schweinfurthi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina semilituus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina simplex species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina stenostoma species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina streitbergensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina striata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina tenella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolina ustjurtensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolinites comptoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolinites lyellii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolinites mantelli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolinites murchisoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirolinites stokesii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Spirolinites Lamarck, 1804	GBIF	genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Miliolida : Peneroplidae : *Spirolinites*
Spiralina Brown, 1844	GBIF	genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Miliolida : Peneroplidae : *Spiralina*
Spirulina Ehrenberg, 1843	GBIF	genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Miliolida : Peneroplidae : *Spirulina*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1804	Spirolina Lamarck
1988	Spirolina Loeblich and Tappan
2002	Spirolina Sepkoski, Jr.
2012	Spirolina Margerel

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Loeblich A. R., Tappan H. (1988) , Foraminiferal genera and their classification, 1-1728

Margerel J.-P. (2012) Benthic foraminifers of saint Félix (le Gosier, Guadeloupe)

Gross, O. (2001). Foraminifera, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 60-75 - via World Register of Marine Species

Loeblich, A. R.; Tappan, H. (1987). Foraminiferal Genera and their Classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. 970pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Loeblich, A. R.; Tappan, H. (1987). Foraminiferal Genera and their Classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. 970pp. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/J.J. Lee et al., 2000 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 5 (28) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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