Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography
BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Hyracoidea

Description

Hyraxes (from the Greek ὕραξ, hýrax, "shrewmouse"), also called dassies, are small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. Hyraxes are well-furred, rotund animals with short tails. Typically, they measure between 30 and 70 cm (12 and 28 in) long and weigh between 2 and 5 kg (4.4 and 11 lb). They are also superficially similar to pikas or marmots, but surprisingly are more closely related to elephants and manatees.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)784https://www.gbif.org/species/784
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)43292https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43292
Rankorder
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
-PaenungulatomorphaGheerbrant et al. 2016
-PaenungulataSimpson 1945
orderHyracoideaHuxley 1869
Common Namehyrax
Scientific NameHyracoidea
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Hyracoideaorderbelongs to Ungulatastated without evidenceFlower, 1883
Hyracoideaorderbelongs to Amphidactylastated with evidenceAmeghino, 1889
Hyracoideasuborderbelongs to Taxeopodastated without evidenceCope, 1889
Hyracoideasuborderbelongs to Ungulatastated without evidenceFlower and Lydekker, 1891
Hyracoideasuborderbelongs to Ungulatastated with evidenceGadow, 1898
Hyracoideasuborderbelongs to Ungulatastated without evidenceAndrews, 1906
Hyracoideaorderbelongs to Phenacodontastated without evidenceMcKenna, 1975
Hyracoideaorderbelongs to Paenungulatastated without evidenceOlds and Shoshani, 1982
Hyracoideaorderbelongs to EutheriaimpliedCarroll, 1988
Hyracoideasuborderbelongs to Perissodactylastated without evidenceProthero and Schoch, 1989
Hyracoideaorderbelongs to Paenungulatastated with evidenceRasmussen et al., 1990
Hyracoideaorderbelongs to EutheriaimpliedNowak, 1991
Hyracoideaorderbelongs to Paenungulatastated without evidenceWaddell et al., 1999
Hyracoideaorderbelongs to Afrotheriastated without evidenceMadsen et al., 2001
Hyracoideaorderbelongs to Paenungulatastated without evidenceWaddell et al., 2001
Hyracoideaorderbelongs to Paenungulatastated with evidenceSeiffert, 2007
Hyracoideaorderbelongs to Paenungulatastated without evidenceAsher and Helgen, 2010
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)105
Extant Size (PBDB)15 (14%)
First Recorded Appearance56.0 - 48.6 Ma
Eocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietherbivore
Ecospace Commentslife habit and diet based on Nowak 1999
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Common Name(s) Hyraxes, Cories, Dassies, Hyrax, Rock Rabbits/dassies
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyracoidea

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Procaviamorpha
suborder
listed (PBDB)
Pseudhippomorpha
suborder
listed (PBDB)
Pliohyracidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
8456.0 Ma
Paleocene
0 Ma
Extant
Procaviidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Hyrax11023.0 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Titanohyracidae
family
listed (PBDB)2756.0 Ma
Paleocene
13.8 Ma
Miocene
Dimaitherium
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
138.0 Ma
Eocene
38.0 Ma
Eocene
Namahyrax
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
147.8 Ma
Eocene
47.8 Ma
Eocene
Rukwalorax
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
128.4 Ma
Oligocene
28.4 Ma
Oligocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1869Hyracoidea Huxley
1883Hyracoidea Flower p. 185
1889Hyracoidea Ameghino p. 355
1889Hyracoidea Cope p. 876
1891Hyracoidea Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1898Hyracoidea Gadow p. 45
1906Hyracoidea Andrews p. 83
1975Hyracoidea McKenna p. 43
1982Hyracoidea Olds and Shoshani p. 1
1988Hyracoidea Carroll
YearName and Author
1989Hyracoidea Prothero and Schoch p. 530
1990Hyracoidea Rasmussen et al. p. 4691
1991Hyracoidea Nowak
1999Hyracoidea Waddell et al. p. cover
2001Hyracoidea Madsen et al. p. 610
2001Hyracoidea Waddell et al. p. 148
2007Hyracoidea Seiffert
2010Hyracoidea Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1
2010Hyracoidea Barrow et al. p. 215

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Flower W. H. On the arrangement of the Orders and Families of existing Mammalia, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, 178-186
Ameghino F. Contribución al conocimiento de los mamíferos fósiles de la República Argentina [Contribution to the knowledge of the fossil mammals of the Argentine Republic], Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la República Argentina en Córdoba 6, xxxii-1027
Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29
Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82
Andrews C. W. (1906) , A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of Fayum, Egypt, 1-324
McKenna M. C. (1975) Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia, Phylogeny of the Primates, Plenum Publishing, New York, 21-46
Olds N., Shoshani J. (1982) Procavia capensis, Mammalian Species 171, 1-7
Prothero D. R., Schoch R. M. (1989) Classification of the Perissodactyla, The Evolution of Perissodactyla, 530-537
Rasmussen D. T., Gagnon M., et al (1990) Taxeopody in the carpus and tarsus of Oligocene Pliohyracidae (Mammalia: Hyracoidea) and the phyletic position of Hyraxes, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 87 12, 4688-4691
Nowak R. M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II
Waddell P. J., Okada N., et al (1999) Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals, Systematic Biology 48 1, 1-5
Seiffert E. R. (2007) A new estimate of afrotherian phylogeny based on simultaneous analysis of genomic, morphological, and fossil evidence, BMC Evolutionary Biology 7, 224 doi:oi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-224
Asher R. J., Helgen K. M. (2010) Nomenclature and placental mammal phylogeny, BMC Evolutionary BIology 10 102, 1-9
Barrow E., Seiffert E. R., et al (2010) A primitive hyracoid (Mammalia, Paenungulata) from the early Priabonian (Late Eocene) of Egypt, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8 2, 213-244
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Simpson, George Gaylord, 1945: The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 85. xvi + 350. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: April 25, 2024 14:32:42
Go to top of page