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Plecoptera
Description | The Plecoptera are an order of insects, commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods, while true stoneflies are known from fossils only a bit younger. Their modern diversity, however, apparently is of Mesozoic origin. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plecoptera, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Source Data |
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Rank | order | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Classification (GBIF) |
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Scientific Name | Plecoptera | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Name(s) | Steenvliegen, Steinfliegen, Mouches De Pierre, Plécoptères, Stoneflies, カワゲラ, Bäcksländor, Stonefly | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plecoptera |
External Images
Subtaxa
Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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Austroperlidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
Baleyopterygidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 21 | 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
Brachypterinae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Capnidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Capniidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Small Winter Stonefly | 4 | 183 Ma Early Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant |
Chloroperlidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Green Stonefly | 4 | 152 Ma Late Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant |
Diamphipnoidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Eustheniidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 268 Ma Permian | 0 Ma Extant | |
Euxenoperlidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 17 | 268 Ma Permian | 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
Gripopterygidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 152 Ma Late Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
Gulouidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 315 Ma Carboniferous | 315 Ma Carboniferous | |
Leuctridae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Rolled-winged Stonefly | 15 | 152 Ma Late Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant |
Mesoleuctridae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 24 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 129 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
Nemouridae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Spring Stonefly | 9 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant |
Notonemouridae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 170 Ma Middle Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant | |
Palaeonemouridae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 53 | 280 Ma Permian | 254 Ma Permian | |
Palaeoperlidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 22 | 272 Ma Permian | 254 Ma Permian | |
Peltoperlidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Perlapsocidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 290 Ma Permian | 290 Ma Permian | |
Perlariopseidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 84 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
Perlidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Common Stonefly | 24 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant |
Perlodidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Perlodid Stonefly | 7 | 152 Ma Late Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant |
Perlopseidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 279 Ma Permian | 279 Ma Permian | |
Platyperlidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 16 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 133 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
Pronemouridae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 9 | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
Pteronarcyidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Salmonfly | 2 | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant |
Scopuridae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Siberioperlidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 32 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
Styloperlidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Taeniopterygidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Winter Stonefly | 25 | 191 Ma Early Jurassic | 0 Ma Extant |
Taeniopteryginae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
Tshekardoperlidae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 279 Ma Permian | 260 Ma Permian | |
Barathronympha ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 279 Ma Permian | 279 Ma Permian | |
Chalcorychus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 265 Ma Permian | 265 Ma Permian | |
Dyadozoarium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 265 Ma Permian | 265 Ma Permian | |
Ecdyoperla ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 145 Ma Late Jurassic | 145 Ma Late Jurassic | |
Eoperlites ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 47.8 Ma Eocene | 47.8 Ma Eocene | |
Fluminiperla ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
Germanoprisca ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 299 Ma Carboniferous | 299 Ma Carboniferous | |
Hadentomoides ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 296 Ma Permian | 296 Ma Permian | |
Hsuopterites ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 296 Ma Permian | 296 Ma Permian | |
Khosara ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 265 Ma Permian | 265 Ma Permian | |
Marciperla ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 170 Ma Middle Jurassic | 170 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
Mesonotoperla genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Mirumoperla ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 260 Ma Permian | 260 Ma Permian | |
Roemerula ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 183 Ma Early Jurassic | 183 Ma Early Jurassic | |
Thaumatophora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Triassoperla ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic |
References
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PESI - Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure - via World Register of Marine Species |
Béthoux. 2005. Wing venation pattern of Plecoptera (Insecta: Neoptera). Illiesia, International Journal of Stonefly Research (Illiesia) 1(9):52-81 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Grimaldi & Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects, Cambridge University Press, New York 194-196 - via Plecoptera Species File |
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Petrin, Brittain & Saltveit. 2013. Mayfly and stonefly species traits and species composition reflect hydrological regulation: a meta-analysis. Freshwater Science (Freshw. Sci.) 32(2):425-437 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Shah, Domisch, Pauls, Haase & Jähnig. 2014. Current and future latitudinal gradients in stream macroinvertebrate richness across North America. Freshwater Science (Freshw. Sci.) 33(4):1136-1147 - via Plecoptera Species File |
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Sivec & Yule. 2004. In Yule & Yong. Freshwater Invertebrates of the Malaysian Region. Insecta: Plecoptera. Academy of Sciences Malaysia 443-456 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Stark, Froehlich & del Carmen Zúñiga. 2009. In Adis, Arias, Golavatch, Wantzen & Rueda-Delgado [Ed.]. Aquatic Biodiversity of Latin America (ABLA). South American Stoneflies (Plecoptera) 5:1 - via Plecoptera Species File |
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Vinson. 2003. Broad-scale geographical patterns in local stream insect genera richness. Ecography 26:751-767 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Brusca, Richard C., and Gary J. Brusca, 2002: null. Invertebrates, Second Edition. xx + 936. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
Claassen. 1940. A catalogue of the Plecoptera of the world. Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station (Mem. Cornell agric. Exp. Sta.) 232:1-235 - via Plecoptera Species File |
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DeWalt. 2009. In Likens [Ed.]. Encyclopedia of Inland Waters. Plecoptera (Stoneflies). Oxford: Elsevier 2:415-422 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Hynes. 1976. Biology of Plecoptera. Annual Review of Entomology (Annu.Rev.Entomol.) 21:135-153 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Hynes. 1977. A key to the adults and nymphs of British stoneflies (Plecoptera), 3rd ed. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication (Freshw. Biol. Assoc. Sci. Pub.) 17:1-92 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Illies. 1966. Katalog der rezenten Plecoptera. Das Tierreich – Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen. (Das Tierreich) 82:1-631 - via Plecoptera Species File |
McCulloch, Wallis & Waters. 2016. A time-calibrated phylogeny of southern hemisphere stoneflies: Testing for Gondwanan origins. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 96:150-160 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Menninger. 2011. Winter Stoneflies are Supercool. Scientific American Blog 2/24/2011 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Needham & Claassen. 1925. A Monograph of the Plecoptera or Stoneflies of America North of Mexico. The Thomas Say Foundation II:1-397 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Ricker. 1992. Origins of stonefly names proposed by Ricker and collaborators. Perla 2:1-12 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Sandberg, Serpa & Drake. 2015. The drumming signals of three winter stonefly species (Capniidae, Leuctridae: Plecoptera); with discussion resolving two common interval patterns. Illiesia, International Journal of Stonefly Research (Illiesia) 11(6):51 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Yoshimura & Takemon [Ed.]. 2016. International Progress in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera Research, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Ephemeroptera and the 17th International Symposium on Plecoptera, Wakayam, Japan, 3-9 June 2012. Biology of Inland Waters Supplement 3 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Zwick, P. 2009. In Staniczek. International Perspectives in Mayfly and Stonefly Research, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Ephemeroptera and the 16th International Symposium on Plecoptera, Stuttgart, 2008. The Plecoptera-who are they? The problematic placement of stoneflies in the phylogenetic system of insects. Aquatic Insects: International Journal of Freshwater Entomology (Aquatic Insects) Supplement 1 31:181-194 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Brittain. 1990. In Campbell [Ed.]. Mayflies and Stoneflies: Life Histories and Biology. Proceedings of the 5th International Ephemeroptera Conference and the 9th International Plecoptera Conference. Life History Strategies in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Series Entomologica (Ser. Entomol.) 44:1-12 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Béthoux, Cui, Kondratieff, Stark & Ren. 2011. At last, a Pennsylvanian stem-stonefly (Plecoptera) discovered. BMC Evolutionary Biology 11(248):1-12 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Feeley, Baars, Lysaght & Kelly-Quinn. 2016. The Stonefly (Plecoptera) of Ireland. The Stonefly (Plecoptera) of Ireland - Distribution, Life Histories & Ecology, National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford, Ireland 82 pp. - via Plecoptera Species File |
Fochetti & Tierno de Figueroa. 2008. Global diversity of stoneflies (Plecoptera; Insecta) in Freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:365-377 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Olifiers, Dorville, Nessimian & Hamada. 2004. A key to Brazilian genera of Plecoptera (Insecta) based on nymphs. Zootaxa 651:1-15 - via Plecoptera Species File |
Staniczek. 2009. International Perspectives in Mayfly and Stonefly Research, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Ephemeroptera and the 16th International Symposium on Plecoptera, Stuttgart, 2008. Aquatic Insects: International Journal of Freshwater Entomology (Aquatic Insects) Supplement 1 31:1-747 - via Plecoptera Species File |
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Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!