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Martes

Description

The martens constitute the genus Martes within the subfamily Guloninae, in the family Mustelidae. They have bushy tails and large paws with partially retractile claws. The fur varies from yellowish to dark brown, depending on the species, and is valued by trappers for the fur trade. Martens are slender, agile animals, adapted to living in the taiga, and inhabit coniferous and northern deciduous forests across the Northern Hemisphere.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)8676633https://www.gbif.org/species/8676633
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)41126https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41126
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Martes
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)doubtful
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
familyMustelidaeFischer 1817
subfamilyMustelinaeFischer 1817
genusMartesFrisch 1775
Common Namemarten
Scientific NameMartes Frisch, 1775
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Martesgenusbelongs to Mustelidaestated without evidenceFrisch, 1775
Martesgenusbelongs to Mustelinaestated without evidenceGinsburg, 1977
Martesgenusbelongs to MustelidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Martesgenusbelongs to Mustelidaestated without evidenceMorlo, 1996
Martesgenusbelongs to Mustelinaestated without evidenceMein and Ginsburg, 1997
Martesgenusbelongs to Mustelinaestated with evidenceBaskin, 1998
Martesgenusbelongs to Martinaestated without evidenceBaryshnikov, 2009
Martesgenusbelongs to Mustelidaestated without evidenceWerdelin and Peigne, 2010
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)20
Extant Size (PBDB)7 (35%)
First Recorded Appearance23.0 - 20.0 Ma
Miocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore, omnivore (based on Mustelidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals.
Common Name(s) Marten
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martes

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Martes (Tomictis) âśť
subgenus
listed (PBDB)116.0 Ma
Miocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene
Martes campestris
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
113.6 Ma
Miocene
13.6 Ma
Miocene
Martes caurina
species
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
Martes flavigula
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Yellow-throated Marten0 Ma
Extant
Martes foina âśť
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
72.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Martes foxi
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
14.90 Ma
Pliocene
4.90 Ma
Pliocene
Martes gazini âśť
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Martes intermedius âśť
species
listed (PBDB)
Martes khelifensis âśť
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
116.0 Ma
Miocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene
Martes kinseyi âśť
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
116.0 Ma
Miocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene
Martes martes
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
European Pine Marten112.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Martes melampus âśť
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Martes nambianus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Martes stirtoni âśť
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
113.6 Ma
Miocene
13.6 Ma
Miocene
Martes vetus âśť
species
listed (PBDB)12.59 Ma
Pleistocene
2.59 Ma
Pleistocene
Martes zibellina
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Sable202.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Mustela parviloba
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
116.0 Ma
Miocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1775Martes Frisch
1967Martes Wilson p. 211
1968Martes Kurten p. 92
1977Martes Ginsburg p. 226
1980Martes Kurten and Anderson p. 147
1988Martes Carroll
YearName and Author
1996Martes Morlo p. 227
1997Martes Mein and Ginsburg p. 828
1998Martes Baskin p. 162
2004Martes Marmi et al. p. 492
2009Martes Baryshnikov p. 83
2010Martes Werdelin and Peigne p. 620

References

Alroy J. (2002) Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals
Wilson R. L. (1967) The Pleistocene vertebrates of Michigan, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 52, 197-234
Kurten B. (1968) Pleistocene Mammals of Europe, 1-317
Ginsburg L. (1977) Les carnivores du Miocene de Beni Mellal (Maroc), Geologie Mediterraneene 4 3, 225-240
Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Morlo M. (1996) Carnivoren aus dem Unter-Miozän des Mainzer Beckens, Senckenbergiana Lethaea 76 1/2, 193-249
Mein P., Ginsburg L. (1997) Les mammiferes du gisement miocene inferieure de Li Mae Long, Thailande; Systematique biostratigraphie et paleoenvironment, Geodiversitas 19 4, 783-844
Baskin J. A. (1998) Mustelidae, Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, 152-173
Marmi J., López-Giráldez J. F., et al (2004) Phylogeny, evolutionary history and taxonomy of the Mustelidae based on sequences of the cytochrome b gene and a complex repetitive flanking region, Zoologica Scripta 33 6, 481-499
Baryshnikov G. F. (2009) Pleistocene Mustelidae (Carnivora) from Paleolithic site in Kudaro Caves in the Caucasus, Russian Journal of Theriology 8 2, 75-95
Werdelin L., Peigne S. (2010) Carnivora, Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, 603-657
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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