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Schizasteridae

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	9533	https://www.gbif.org/species/9533
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	53908	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53908

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Spatangoida : Schizasteridae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Spatangoida : Schizasteridae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Echinozoa	von Zittel 1895
class	Echinoidea
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860
superorder	Acroechinoidea
-	Carinacea	Kroh and Smith 2010
-	Irregularia
-	Atelostomata	von Zittel 1879
order	Spatangoida	Agassiz 1840
suborder	Paleopneustina	Agassiz 1904
family	Schizasteridae	Lambert 1905

Scientific Name

Schizasteridae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Schizasteridae	family	belongs to Hemiasterina	stated without evidence	Fischer, 1966
Schizasteridae	family	belongs to Spatangoida	stated with evidence	Smith, 1995
Schizasteridae	family	belongs to Spatangoida	stated without evidence	Chiesa et al., 1995
Schizasteridae	family	belongs to Paleopneustina	stated with evidence	Kroh and Smith, 2010

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

132

Extant Size (PBDB)

18 (14%)

First Recorded Appearance

105 - 100 Ma
Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Spatangoida)

Motility

slow-moving (based on Spatangoida)

Vision

limited (based on Echinoidea)

Diet

deposit feeder, detritivore (based on Spatangoida)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Spatangoida)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Spatangoida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Lambert. 1905. Notes sur quelques Echinides éocéniques de l’Aude et de l’Hérault. In L. Doncieux (ed.), Catalogue descriptif des fossiles nummulitiques de l’Aude et de l’Hérault. Annales de l’Université de Lyon, Nouvelle Série, I. Sciences, Médecine 17:129-164

Common Name(s)

Puffball Heart Urchins, Vecksjöborrar, ブンブクチャガマ

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Brisasterinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Abatus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Aceste genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Agassizia genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		41	48.6 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Aguayoaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Amphipneustes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Brachysternaster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Brisaster genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	41.3 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Calzadaster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Caribbaster ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Diploporaster genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	21.7 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Faorina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Hemifaorina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hemigymnia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hypselaster genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Kina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	37.2 Ma Eocene	27.3 Ma Oligocene
Lambertona ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	27.3 Ma Oligocene	12.7 Ma Miocene
Linthia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		110	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	5.33 Ma Miocene
Lutetiaster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Moira genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Moiropsis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Neoproraster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Opissaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Ova genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Parabrissus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Paraster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Peribrissus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Prenaster genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Proraster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Protenaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Prymnaster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Schizaster genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		170	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Schizopneustes ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tripylaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tripylus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Victoriaster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1966	Schizasteridae Fischer p. U569
1984	Schizasteridae Squires p. 56
1987	Schizasteridae Squires p. 72
1995	Schizasteridae Chiesa et al. p. 63
1995	Schizasteridae Smith p. 236
1999	Schizasteridae Frassinetti and Covacevich p. 56
1999	Schizasteridae Squires p. 29
2000	Schizasteridae Jagt
2010	Schizasteridae Kroh and Smith p. 173

References

Lambert J. (1905) Notes sur quelques Echinides éocéniques de l’Aude et de l’Hérault, Catalogue descriptif des fossiles nummulitiques de l’Aude et de l’Hérault. Annales de l’Université de Lyon, Nouvelle Série, I. Sciences, Médecine 17, 129-164

Fischer A. G. (1966) Spatangoids, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part U. Echinodermata. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Boulder and Lawrence 3 2, U543-U628

Squires R. L. (1984) Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350, 1-76

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Chiesa J.O., Parma S.G., et al (1995) Observaciones estratigraficas en el Paleogeno del noroeste de la Provincia de Santa Cruz (Republica Argentina). Parte II: Invertebrados marinos de la Formacion El Chacy (Eoceno), Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. Systematica y bioestratigrafia, Monografias de la Acadamia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas Y Naturales 11, 17-68

Smith A. B. (1995) Late Campanian-Maastrichtian echinoids from the United Arab Emirates-Oman border region, Bulletin of the Natural History Museum (Geology Series) 51, 121-240

Frassinetti D., Covacevich V. (1999) Invertibrados fósiles marinos de la Formación Guadal (Oligoceno superio-Mioceno inferior) en Pampa, Castillo region, región de Aisén, Chile, Servico Nacional de Geologia y Mineria Chile Boletin 51, 1-96

Jagt J. W. M. (2000) Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene echinoderms and the K/T boundary in the southeast Netherlands and the northeast Belgium. - part 4: Echinoids, Scripta Geologica 21, 181-375

Kroh A., Smith A. B. (2010) The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8 2, 147-212 doi:10.1080/14772011003603556

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Fischer, Alfred G. / Durham, J. Wyatt, et al. / Moore, Raymond C., ed., 1966: Spatangoids. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part U, Echinodermata 3, vol. 2. U543-U628. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,. 50: pp. 336-351. - via World Register of Marine Species

Kroh, A. & Smith, A.B. (2010): The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 8/2: 147-212. - via World Register of Marine Species

WoRMS (2013) Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.eu/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Hansson, G, Samuelsson, Cedhagen & Strand (2013) Nationalnyckeln till Sveriges flora och fauna. Tagghudingar–svalgsträngsdjur. Echinodermata– Hemichordata. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Smith, A.B. 2013. Key to genera of Schizasteridae. In: Smith, A.B. & Kroh, A. (editors) The Echinoid Directory. World Wide Web electronic publication. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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