Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography
BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Hystricidae

Description

The Old World porcupines, or Hystricidae, are large terrestrial rodents, distinguished by the spiny covering from which they take their name. They range over the south of Europe and the Levant, most of Africa, India, and the maritime Southeast Asia as far east as Flores. Although both the Old World and New World porcupine families belong to the Hystricognathi branch of the vast order Rodentia, they are quite different and are not closely related.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)9705https://www.gbif.org/species/9705
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)42009https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42009
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
-Glires
orderRodentia
suborderHystricomorpha
infraorderHystricognathi
familyHystricidaeFischer de Waldheim 1817
Common Nameporcupine
Scientific NameHystricidae
Name Published InMem. Soc. Imp. Nat., Moscow vol.5 p.372
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Hystricidaefamilybelongs to Rosoresstated without evidenceGray, 1821
Hystricidaefamilybelongs to Gliresstated without evidenceGray, 1825
Hystricidaefamilybelongs to Simplicidentatastated without evidenceFlower, 1883
Hystricidaefamilybelongs to Hystricomorphastated with evidenceGadow, 1898
Hystricidaefamilybelongs to Hystricomorphastated without evidenceHay, 1902
Hystricidaefamilybelongs to Hystricognathistated without evidenceJaekel, 1911
Hystricidaefamilybelongs to HystricomorphaimpliedCarroll, 1988
Hystricidaefamilybelongs to RodentiaimpliedNowak, 1991
Hystricidaefamilybelongs to HystricomorphaimpliedNowak, 1999
Hystricidaefamilybelongs to Phiomorphastated with evidenceHuchon and Douzery, 2001
Hystricidaefamilybelongs to Hystricognathistated with evidenceCoster et al., 2010
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)14
Extant Size (PBDB)8 (57%)
First Recorded Appearance13.7 - 11.1 Ma
Miocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietherbivore, frugivore
Ecospace Commentslife habit and diet based on Nowak 1999
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. E. Gray. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15:296-310
Common Name(s) Old World Porcupines, Porcupine
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hystricidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Atherurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Brush-tailed Porcupine411.6 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Hystrix
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Porcupine22011.6 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Sivacanthion
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
113.7 Ma
Miocene
13.7 Ma
Miocene
Spygurus
genus
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
Trichys
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Long-tailed Porcupine10.13 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Xenohystrix
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1311.6 Ma
Miocene
3.60 Ma
Pliocene

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Histricidae GBIFfamilyAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Histricidae

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1817Hystricidae Fischer de Waldheim
1821Histricidae Gray p. 304
1825Histricidae Gray p. 341
1850Hystricidae Bonaparte p. 1
1883Hystricidae Flower p. 185
1889Hystricidae Cope p. 876
1891Hystricidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1898Hystricidae Gadow p. 43
YearName and Author
1902Hystricidae Hay p. 732
1911Hystricidae Jaekel p. 222
1988Hystricidae Carroll
1991Hystricidae Nowak
1999Hystricidae Nowak
2001Hystricidae Huchon and Douzery p. 242
2010Hystricidae Coster et al. p. 702

References

Gray J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals, The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15, 296-310
Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344
Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematis Mastozoologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the system of mammals. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1
Flower W. H. On the arrangement of the Orders and Families of existing Mammalia, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, 178-186
Cope E. D. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata, The American Naturalist 23, 1-29
Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Nowak R. M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II
Nowak R. M. (1999) , Walker's Mammals of the World, Sixth Edition II, 837-1936
Huchon D., Douzery E. J. P. (2001) From the Old World to the New World: a molecular chronicle of the phylogeny and biogeography of hystricognath rodents, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20 2, 238-251
Coster P., Benammi M., et al (2010) Gaudeamus lavocati sp. nov. (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the early Oligocene of Zallah, Libya: first African caviomorph?, Naturwissenschaften 97, 697-706
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
McKenna, Malcolm C., and Susan K. Bell, 1997: null. Classification of mammals above the species level. 631. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Woods, Charles A., and C. William Kilpatrick / Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: Infraorder Hystricognathi Brandt, 1855. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 2. 1538-1600. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: April 20, 2024 04:04:38
Go to top of page