Meixner, H. (1959): Kraubather Lagerstättenstudien. V. Die Nickelmineralisation im Kraubather Serpentingebiet. - Berg- und Hüttenmännische Mh. 104, 83-87

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	Edahbi, Mohamed, Mermillod-Blondin, Raphaël, Plante, Benoît, Benzaazoua, Mostafa (2019) CIL Gold Loss Characterization within Oxidized Leach Tails: Creating a Synergistic Approach between Mineralogical Characterization, Diagnostic Leach Tests, and Preg-Robbing Tests. Minerals, 9 (9) 557 doi:10.3390/min9090557	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Mineralogical Characterization, Diagnostic Leach Tests, and Preg-Robbing Tests Mohamed Edahbi 1,2, , Raphaël Mermillod-Blondin...in sulphides, solid-solution in arsenopyrite, and preg-robbing material such as carbonaceous matter, and...and so on. The diagnostic leach test (DLT) and preg-robbing (PR) approaches are widely used to investigate...qualitatively evaluate the gold occurrences within the ore. Preg-robbing, or the ore’s capacity to fix dissolved...physical surface interactions (preg-borrowing) and chemical interactions (preg*-robbing). The objective of
	*Adams, Mike D. (2005) Advances in Gold Ore Processing* - Developments in Mineral Processing No. 15. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/s0167-4528(05)x1500-9**	Book
	Polymetallic Ores 32: Gold-copper ores B. Sceresini 789 33: Case study ﬂowsheets: copper–gold concentrate treatment...ores – case studies D. Lunt and N. Briggs 38: 920 Preg-robbing gold ores J.D. Miller, R.-Y. Wan, and X...largest gold mill in the world (despite being a copper mine). Concentration of gold by gravity has seen...is made on economic grounds between gold–copper ores and copper–gold ores; process ﬂowsheets and Preface...in a variety of products, not only gold but also copper, nickel, cobalt, silver, PGMs and sometimes lead
	Pienaar, D., Guy, B.M., Hofmann, A., Viljoen, K.S. (2015) A Geometallurgical Characterization of the Vaal Reef A-Facies at the Moab Khotsong Mine, Klerksdorp Goldfield, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 118 (4) 455-472 doi:10.2113/gssajg.118.4.455	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	(Lottering et al., 2008; Coetzee et al., 2010; Lorenzen and Barnard, 2011; references therein). This paper...(Fe3+) as an oxidant (Lottering et al., 2008; Lorenzen and Barnard, 2011; Pownceby and Johnson, 2014)...liberated gold through subsequent cyanide leaching (Lorenzen, 1995; Goodall et al., 2005; Marsden and House...soluble (excess conditions) Total Gold association (%) Preg robbed Hydrochloric acid leach Nitric acid leach...ore e.g. abundant refractory gold minerals, and/or preg-robbing minerals (such as clays and carbon), or
	*Exel, R. (1993) Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs. Eigenverlag R. Exel. p.1-447.*	Book
	Umweltgeologe bei der Südtiroler Landesregierung in Bozen, als Lagerstättengeologe bei der Geologischen... © 1993 Eigenverlag Dr. Reinhard Exel, Vienna/Austria: A-1100 Wien, Malborghetgasse 31 Gesamtherstellung:...Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein für Kärnten, Klagenfurt) sind bei weitem nicht alle in den österreichischen Bundesländern...viele Fragen beantworten kann, bzw. eine große Hilfe bei der Suche nach speziellen Informationen darstellt...geben, welche das Vordringen in Details ermöglichen. Bei der Bearbeitung des Stoffes galt es zunächst das
	*Adams, Mike D. - Ed.* (2016) Gold Ore Processing (2nd ed.) Elsevier. doi:10.1016/c2015-0-00699-2**	Book (edition)
	for gold and silver over other metals, such as copper and zinc. Some of the more important reagent systems...treat carbonaceous ‘preg-robbing’ material at Goldstrike in Nevada. Carbonaceous, preg-robbing ores are...largest gold mills in the world (despite being a copper mine). Concentration of gold by gravity has seen...in a variety of products, not only gold but also copper, nickel, cobalt, silver, PGMs, and sometimes lead...of other problematic ores, such as carbonaceous preg-robbing, tellurides, and antimonial ores. The general
	*Asamoah, Richmond K. (2021) Specific Refractory Gold Flotation and Bio-Oxidation Products: Research Overview. Minerals, 11 (1) 93 doi:10.3390/min11010093*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	the organic carbon acid-soluble. Studies on the preg-robbing capacity of the bio-oxidation products showed...showed was acid-soluble. Studies on the preg-robbing capacity of the bio-oxidation products showed greater...The higher the Raman ratio, the greater the gold preg-robbing capability of the ore. The lower gold absorption...The higher the Raman ratio, the greater the gold preg-robbing capability of the ore. The lower gold absorption...and Koch [30] 5.52 × 10−5 - - - Pure gold Lorenzen [31] 6.27 × 10−6 Aghamirian and Yen [32] Dai
	Sekisov, Arthur, Rasskazova, Anna (2021) Assessment of the Possibility of Hydrometallurgical Processing of Low-Grade Ores in the Oxidation Zone of the Malmyzh Cu-Au Porphyry Deposit. Minerals, 11 (1) 69 doi:10.3390/min11010069	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ores present in the oxidation zone of the gold-copper Malmyzh mineral deposit are characterized. This...crushed (−10 mm) ore. Keywords: copper-gold mineral deposit; oxidized ore; carbonaceous...The Malmyzh deposit is a promising world-class copper deposit located in the Nanaian region of the Khabarovsk...deposit are estimated at 5.156 million tons of copper and 278 tons of gold. There are plans to build...planned for processing copper ores is flotation, suitable for primary copper sulfide ores. Large volumes
	*(2012) Australian gold processing. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 121 (4). 187-189 doi:10.1179/0371955312z.00000000041*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ore, the management of cyanide, the challenge of preg-robbing, the value of plant modelling and simulation...compared. A valuable, positive response of gold and copper ,20 mm was statistically highly significant, suggesting...difficulty in focusing on the size range of major loss. Preg-robbing is a serious problem with many orebodies...adverse effect of a preg-robbing component in the ore. These principles are: to segregate preg-robbing ß 2012...gravity, carbonaceous material responsible for the preg-robbing. This was only partially successful as attendant
	*, (2006) Book reviews. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 115 (1). 55-56 doi:10.1179/174328506x91392*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	polymetallic ores This includes treatment of gold–copper and copper–gold concentrates, high-silver gold ores,...platinum-group metal ores, refractory sulphide ores, preg-robbing gold ores, treatment of gold telluride ores...Unfortunately, the meaningless term ‘preg-robbing’ and another new term ‘preg-borrowing’ are becoming well established...volume is the Proceedings of the 3rd International Copper Hydrometallurgy Workshop that was held in Santiago...with the recent advances of the hydrometallurgy of copper in general. Of particular interest to the present
	(2016) Curvature determination of embedded silicon chips byin siturocking curve X-ray diffraction measurements at elevated temperatures. Powder Diffraction, 31 (4) 267-273 doi:10.1017/s0885715616000488	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, 8700 Leoben, Austria Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität...Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstraße 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria 2 (Received 11 August 2015; accepted 21 August 2016)...(silicon single crystal with copper pads on one side) is bonded a copper foil by means of an epoxy-based...the die is approximately 0.045 mm thick, and the copper foil has the size 22.0 × 22.0 × 0.07 mm3. The adhesive...comparison with the CTE of the silicon die and the copper foil) to a convex shape of the sample at cooling
	Petrie, B. S., Craw, D., Ryan, C. G. (2005) Geological controls on refractory ore in an orogenic gold deposit, Macraes mine, New Zealand. Mineralium Deposita, 40 (1) 45-58 doi:10.1007/s00126-005-0467-y	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	the gold is then adsorbed on to gangue minerals (preg-robbed) and net cyanidation recovery can be less...quartz and unfractured sulphide grains, and (2) preg-robbing of liberated gold during cyanidation. Introduction...lowered gold recovery in orogenic deposits is ‘‘preg-robbing’’, where gold dissolved by cyanide is removed...in sulphide minerals (Cathelineau et al. 1989). Preg-robbing or refractory ore characteristics are commonly...S high (1–2 wt%), in sulphides and silicates low preg-robbing decreases with increasing recovery Micron-scale
	*(1881) Index to Vol. IV. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 4 (20) 271-284 doi:10.1180/minmag.1881.004.20.06*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	. . Mineral, . . . ,, 24 117, 118 . Copper Analysis, . . Danberite Sahlite . . , .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Chloride of Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Chlorite . ....Sutherland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,996 Copper, estimation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . In&z. 275 P A G E Copper Ore from Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . FIEr.D on chloride of copper - - , . . . . 77 277 PAGE Grey Trachytes
	*(1881) Index to Vol. IV. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 4 (20). 271-284 doi:10.1180/minmag.1881.004.20.06*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	. . Mineral, . . . ,, 24 117, 118 . Copper Analysis, . . Danberite Sahlite . . , .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Chloride of Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Chlorite . ....Sutherland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,996 Copper, estimation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . In&z. 275 P A G E Copper Ore from Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . FIEr.D on chloride of copper - - , . . . . 77 277 PAGE Grey Trachytes
	Silva-Quiñones, Dhamelyz, He, Chuan, Jacome-Collazos, Melissa, Benndorf, Carsten, Teplyakov, Andrew, Rodriguez-Reyes, Juan (2018) Identification of Surface Processes in Individual Minerals of a Complex Ore through the Analysis of Polished Sections Using Polarization Microscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Minerals, 8 (10) 427 doi:10.3390/min8100427	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	surface processes such as metal re-adsorption (preg-robbing) on specific minerals are difficult to evaluate...at the topmost layers of minerals. For example, preg-robbing is a detrimental process through which a...minerals) or the re-adsorption of dissolved metal ions (preg-robbing of AuCN(ads) hinders the cyanidation) [11...sphalerite (ZnS), as well as with sulfosalts of copper and silver. The ore also contains non-metallic...in This is a reductive dissolution where from 2 copper the cyanide complex. The leaching of covellite
	Daibova, Elena B., Lushchaeva, Inna V., Sachkov, Victor I., Karakchieva, Natalia I., Orlov, Vladislav V., Medvedev, Rodion O., Nefedov, Roman A., Shplis, Olga N., Sodnam, Natalya I. (2019) Bioleaching of Au-Containing Ore Slates and Pyrite Wastes. Minerals, 9 (10) 643 doi:10.3390/min9100643	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	contents of gold, selected in the Ural Federal District (Russia), was determined. The leaching degree...technogenic raw materials selected in the Ural Federal District (Russia), as well as the determination of the...Kirovsko-Krylinsk ore-bearing zone (ore slates, Ural Federal District, Orenburg region, Russia) were used as a source...concentration of sulfide copper-zinc ores (ore slimes of Ural Federal District, Sverdlovsk Region, Russia)...Tungsten-containing phase (wolframite) Native copper-bearing gold Indium-containing phase (indium hydroxide
	Senanayake, Gamini (2007) Review of rate constants for thiosulphate leaching of gold from ores, concentrates and flat surfaces: Effect of host minerals and pH. Minerals Engineering, 20 (1). 1-15 doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2006.04.011	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ores over a range of ammonia, thiosulphate, and copper(II) concentrations, pH (9–10.5) and temperatures...rate constant on pH and initial concentrations of copper(II) and thiosulphate is used to determine a rate...Ammonium Thiosulphate) Processes to extract gold from preg-robbing ores which contained carbonaceous material...such as ammonia or thiourea and oxidants such as copper(II) or iron(III) for gold extraction from ores...NHþ 4 =f10 þ 1g ð2Þ þð2nbÞ ðXb ¼ However, copper(II) speciation CuðNH3 Þp ðXÞn 2 S2 O3 or OH
	Fomchenko, Natalya, Muravyov, Maxim (2020) Sequential Bioleaching of Pyritic Tailings and Ferric Leaching of Nonferrous Slags as a Method for Metal Recovery from Mining and Metallurgical Wastes. Minerals, 10 (12) 1097 doi:10.3390/min10121097	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	remove soluble metal sulfates. As a result, 36% of copper and 35% of zinc were extracted. After 12 days of...of metals from pyritic tailings reached 68% for copper and 77% for zinc; and subsequent cyanidation allowed...recovery of copper and zinc, respectively, from copper slag within 150 min. Meanwhile, 91.5% of copper, 84.1%...nickel, and 70.2% of cobalt were extracted from copper–nickel slag within 120 min under the same conditions...utilization 1. Introduction The main source of copper and zinc is concentrated sulfidic ores. Sulfide
	*Beardsley, Kenneth D. (1925) Chemistry cross-word puzzle. Journal of Chemical Education, 2. 90pp. doi:10.1021/ed002p90*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	St. Andrew (abbr.). 29. h a d . i3: calcium. 45. preG-r signifying presence of three atoms in a enmpound...disagreeable part of hydrogen sulphide. 9. An alloy of copper. zinc, and tin to imitate gold. . 17. The fifth
	Muir, D. M., Aylmore, M. G. (2004) Thiosulphate as an alternative to cyanide for gold processing – issues and impediments. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 113 (1). 2-12 doi:10.1179/037195504225004661	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	alternative absorbents, to improve the elution of copper and gold from resins, and to recycle or minimise...ores, the lack of selectivity of cyanide towards copper minerals and the cost of waste treatment are real...gold industry. Compared to other industries like copper or oil, the gold industry has quite a good record...thiourea, ammoniacal thiosulphate and ammoniacal copper cyanide. By necessity, all form strong complexes...past 20 years has focused on carbonaceous ores and copper–gold ores where gold recovery is poor or cyanide
	*Russell, R.D., Farquhar, R.M. (1960) Dating galenas by means of their isotopic constitutions—II. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 19 (1) 41-52 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(60)90124-1*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	result from the repl~ment of iron in iron sulphide preG~pjtated in off-reef faaies asslociated with seaboard...(million years) 1s-4 million years) .~~ Bleiberg, Austria (Mean of 2 samples 18.40 15.79 38.44 Bathurst,...is interesting to note that the Coeur d’Alene district, Idaho, has given a number of well authenticated...17,1.73-175. STANTOX It.J,.(1Q58)Abtrnda~tces of copper, zinc and load in some srtlphido deposits. J. fieol
	Dominy, Simon, O’Connor, Louisa, Glass, Hylke, Purevgerel, Saranchimeg, Xie, Yuling (2018) Towards Representative Metallurgical Sampling and Gold Recovery Testwork Programmes. Minerals, 8 (5) 193 doi:10.3390/min8050193	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	deportment), geochemistry (e.g., carbon, silver and copper content, and surface chemistry), grade (grade-recovery...determine the presence of refractory gold [19,72] and preg-robbing potential [73]. This will be a long-term...issue that leads to depressed flotation responses or preg-robbing leaching. This can surfactants) can also...issue that leads to depressed flotation responses or preg‐robbing during be minimised by good drilling practice...Scales, P.J. A new method for the determination of preg-robbing in gold ores. Miner. Eng. 2005, 18, 1135–1141
	Asamoah, R. K., Skinner, W., Addai-Mensah, J. (2020) Enhancing gold recovery from refractory bio-oxidised gold concentrates through high intensity milling. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 129 (1). 64-73 doi:10.1080/25726641.2019.1658915	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	quickly identiﬁed (e.g. high cyanide consumption and preg-robbing of dissolved gold), with mitigation routes...bio-nanocomposites), mineral ﬂotation (e.g. ﬁne gold and copper sulphide), metal/ mineral leaching (e.g. bismuth...of ion-exchange resins to deal with the eﬀect of preg-robbing of gold in the course of cyanide leaching...137:38–44. Tabosa E, Rubio J. 2010. Flotation of copper sulphides assisted by high intensity conditioning...Rivett T, Fleming R, Lumsden B. 2012. Improving ﬁne copper and gold ﬂotation recovery: a plant evaluation
	*Grybeck, Donald, Finney, J. J. (1968) New occurrences and data for jalpaite. American Mineralogist, 53 (9-10) 1530-1542*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Colorado and older published analyses indicate slight copper deficiency. Previous studies of synthetic jalpaite...Colorado, specimenswere analyzed for silver and copper by wet chemistry. The results are given in Table...Silver was determinedby the Volhard method and the copper by iodine titration as outlined in any generalquantitative...1000 accuracy for silver and 1:5000 accuracy for copper in standardizing titration solutions. However,...County material, in contrast, appears to be slightly copper deficient. The previousanalysesof Breithaupt (1858)
	Órdenes, Javier, Wilson, Ryan, Peña-Graf, Felipe, Navarra, Alessandro (2021) Incorporation of Geometallurgical Input into Gold Mining System Simulation to Control Cyanide Consumption. Minerals, 11 (9) 1023 doi:10.3390/min11091023	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	variable amounts of base metals, some of which (e.g., copper and iron) are considered harmful to the extraction...extraction of precious metals. Iron and especially copper minerals are known cyanide consumers; ore type classification...presence of cyanide-consuming elements, such as copper and iron, can cause significant increases in plant...gold deposit types, including porphyry copper-gold, iron-oxide-copper-gold (IOCG), and high-grade gold and...hydrothermal veins [2]. The Alhué gold mining district is located near the small village of Alhué in
	Ramberg, I. B. (1967) Kongsfjell-områdets geologi, en petrografisk og strukturell undersøkelse i Helgeland, Nord-Norge [The geology of the Kongsfjell area, a petrographic and structural survey in Helgeland, northern Norway]. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse 240	Report (issue)
	1910. DiBBe tidlige arbeider ba:rer naturlig nok preg av at nenBikten bl. a. var ala overBikt over Btore...Kongsfjell Group, 3. The rocks of the Bleikvassli mine district, and 4. Structurally overlying rocks in southwest...Bkiiten6e mineralinnnol6 lian gi marmorene et laminert preg. <3renBeiornol6ene til Bi6ebergartene er Bom regel...rnvrer, det geologiBke detaljkart, lig. 8, nar derior preg av tolkningskart. Lt rner detaljert geologiBk kart...ininBte er r>lagrMn, finkornet, med noe laminert preg, muligenB KataklaBtiBlc. er vanBkelig a oedj^mme

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Copper from Preg, Sankt Lorenzen bei Knittelfeld, Sankt Margarethen bei Knittelfeld, Murtal District, Styria, Austria

Copper from
Preg, Sankt Lorenzen bei Knittelfeld, Sankt Margarethen bei Knittelfeld, Murtal District, Styria, Austria