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Pyrophyllite from
Saint Clair, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, USA


Classification
Species:Pyrophyllite
Formula:Al2Si4O10(OH)2
Comments:from the reference: "Exceptionally preserved plant fossils from St. Clair, Pennysylvania, have long been part of museum and private collections. Fossil fern leaves and stems from the underclay of the Buck Mountain Coal (Reading Anthracite Company quarry), lowest Llewellyn Formation (late Pennsylvanian, Virgilian), combine outer layers of coalified organic material (phytoleim) with strikingly white kaolinite, quartz, and the low-grade metamorphic mineral pyrophyllite in the interior. The surficial dark, coalified material appears to preserve the dense outer layers (cuticle, epidermis, and palisade layer) and some cell walls of fossilized leaves. XRD spectra of separated phytoleim contain graphite peaks. Raman spectra with peaks near 1600 and 1320 cm-1 indicate that the phytoleim is composed of disordered graphitic material. ID/IG ratios from ca. 0.3 to 0.45 are consistent with greenschist facies metamorphic conditions forming the anthracite coal. The interior pyrophyllite is highly crystalline, with large crystals often oriented perpendicular to leaf surfaces. Hydrothermal formation of pyrophyllite requires relatively limited groundwater flow conditions and temperatures between ca. 275 and 350°C. Although many fossil leaves are compressed, some are near original thickness. We infer that the remains were replaced prior to significant burial and compression of the sediment by an early-forming mineral phase, possibly pyrite, which was in turn replaced by kaolinite and then pyrophyllite at higher temperature and pressure. Woody structures such as cuticle and veins, which had resisted replacement by the initial low temperature phase, were coalified at higher temperatures."
Colour:white to tan
Significance:Unusual or interesting association, relationships with other species, pseudomorphism etc. - see notes.
Abundance at site:Common
Confirmation
Validity:Believed Valid
Data
Mineral Data:Click here to view Pyrophyllite data
Locality Data:Click here to view Saint Clair, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, USA
Data Identifiers
Mindat Occurrence Record ID:1230515
Long-form Identifier:1:3:1230515:7
GUID (UUID V4):46a42cde-9249-4e91-8613-8b3d398b6bc5
Nearest other occurrences of Pyrophyllite
16.6km (10.3 miles) ⓘCentralia, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, USA
73.2km (45.5 miles) ⓘSullivan Trail Coal Company Mine, Pittston, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, USA
References
Stephen Peterson, George H. Myer, Barbara S. Grandstaff, and David E. Grandstaff (2011) A multistage model of preservation in fossil plants from the Llewellyn Formation (Pennsylvanian), St. Clair, Pennsylvania, USA. Paper no. 173-5, 2011 GSA Annual Meeting in Minneapolis (9-12 October 2011)
Reference Search (possible matching items)
Levine, J.R., Eggleston, J.R. (1992) Field trip guidebook; the anthracite basins of eastern Pennsylvania. Open-File Report Vol. 1992 (92-568) US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr92568
Report (issue)
Guidebook: The Anthracite Basins of Eastern Pennsylvania by: Jeffrey R. Levine and Jane R. Eggleston...Petrology (9th) The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania July 25, 1992 Field...Guidebook; The Anthracite Basins of Eastern Pennsylvania U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report #92-568...mosaic of central Pennsylvania, encompassing the field trip route and most of the Pennsylvania Anthracite region...Petrology, along with his co-workers at The Pennsylvania State University. C. Wnuk would like to thank
(2013, December) The Danburite Vol. 63 (11) The Danbury Mineralogical Society
Journal (issue)
That this rock seemed to be unusual for Putnam County, which is mostly granite, gneiss, and amphibolite...found in the Adirondacks. Also to be found in the county are some areas with sedimentary and shale type...similar occurrence of agate at a rock show in Putnam County a few years ago. The specimen was a large boulder...rock show by a resident of Kent Cliffs in Putnam county who had broken it out of the rock ledge on his...was discovered that there are a few areas in the county that are limestone-dolostone-marble deposits. The
(2013, December) The Danburite Vol. 63 (12) The Danbury Mineralogical Society
Journal (issue)
That this rock seemed to be unusual for Putnam County, which is mostly granite, gneiss, and amphibolite...found in the Adirondacks. Also to be found in the county are some areas with sedimentary and shale type...similar occurrence of agate at a rock show in Putnam County a few years ago. The specimen was a large boulder...rock show by a resident of Kent Cliffs in Putnam county who had broken it out of the rock ledge on his...was discovered that there are a few areas in the county that are limestone-dolostone-marble deposits. The
Beste, Bob (1996) Location Guide for Rockhounds in the United States (2nd ed.) Vol. 2 - Part II - Illinois to North Dakota.
Book (volume)
600 to 800 feet thick in the north. ALEXANDER COUNTY FAYVILLE, area stream gravels⎯agate, jasper, rare...⎯agate, jasper; d RR siding of Clay⎯agate. CALHOUN COUNTY AREA, shores of the Mississippi R., in the Warsaw...crystals). CRAWFORD COUNTY PALESTINE, area deposits⎯Siderite. EDWARDS COUNTY AREA, T. 1 S, R. 10 E...E, regional deposits⎯Siderite. FULTON COUNTY FARMINGTON, W 6 mi. on Rte. 116 to the Rapatee No. 5 strip...mine⎯pyritized gastropods (Pennsylvanian age). GRUNDY COUNTY AREA: c Regional rd. and RR cuts and banks of Mason
Beste, Bob (2005) Location Guide for Rockhounds in the United States (3rd ed.) Vol. 2 - Part II - Illinois through North Dakota.
Book (volume)
600 to 800 feet thick in the north. ALEXANDER COUNTY FAYVILLE, area stream gravels⎯agate, jasper, rare...⎯agate, jasper; d RR siding of Clay⎯agate. CALHOUN COUNTY AREA, shores of the Mississippi R., in the Warsaw...crystals). CRAWFORD COUNTY PALESTINE, area deposits⎯Siderite. EDWARDS COUNTY AREA, T. 1 S, R. 10 E...E, regional deposits⎯Siderite. FULTON COUNTY FARMINGTON, W 6 mi. on Rte. 116 to the Rapatee No. 5 strip...mine⎯pyritized gastropods (Pennsylvanian age). GRUNDY COUNTY AREA: c Regional rd. and RR cuts and banks of Mason
Lacroix, A. (1893) Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies Vol. 1. Library Polytechnique, Paris.
Book (volume)
sont jamais aplatis suivant généraleest face la Saint-Gotliard (101) quelques-uns de ceux du quelques...touchées et ont formé des sautoirs ou croix de Saint-André, plus ou moins régulièrement, cl c’est cette...les micaschistes graiiulitisés des environs de Saint-Nicolas et de Ijocmaria sont riches en staurotide...sont très analogues à celles E. Dana. de Fannin County (Georgia), qui ont été décrites par M. Contrairement...1889) l’existence de gisemicaschistes au nord de Saint-Etienne. Le la staurotidc dans les 69. sommet pins
Shimomura, Ruth H. - Ed. (1989) GEOREF Thesaurus and Guide to Indexing (5th ed.) American Geological Institute, Alexandria, VA.
Book (edition)
for 1970: France - stratigraphy Devonian, Ariege, Saint-Barthelemy massif The indexer who prepared this...was free to add the specific Terms "Ariege" and "Saint-Barthelemy massif." Uncon¬ trolled Terms were permitted...the total of 4,284 new Terms were United States county and city Terms. Counties and Cities in the United...States Earlier editions had Terms such as Washington County and Portland for counties and cities of the United...for example: Washington County Arkansas and Portland Maine. Each new county Term can now autopost its
Palmer, Crystal S. - Ed. (1986) GEOREF Thesaurus and Guide to Indexing (4th ed.) American Geological Institute, Alexandria, VA.
Book (edition)
The largest groups of new terms have been U.S. county names; rock-formation names (mostly North American);...Thesaurus. These include local geographic terms, U.S. county names, rock-formation names, and fossil names....term must be a name unique to one area. Lincoln County is not assigned coordinates in the Thesaurus, because...North America from the broader terms of Hanover County. There is no reciprocal entry for each broader...counties of the United States; e.g., Chautauqua County may have a broader term Kansas or New York. BX
Beste, Bob (2014) Location Guide for Rockhounds in the United States (4th ed.) Vol. 2 - Part II - Georgia through Montana.
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Dahlonega Co. and Rabum Co., and  the McDuffie County Belt extending through portions of McDuffie, Warren...Sphalerite. BALDWIN COUNTY MILLEDGEVILLE, at state farmjasper. BANKS COUNTY COMMERCE, along Hwy. 59...along adjoining Co. linerock crystal. BARROW COUNTY WINDER, along rd. to Jefferson and 1½ mi. inside...Guide for Rock Hounds in the United States BARTOW COUNTY AREA, Saltpeter Cave, as floatjasper. CARTERSVILLE:...agate, (banded, various colors), jasper. BIBB COUNTY MACON:  at Holton Quarry, 7½ mi. NWagate;  N
Robbins, Manuel (1994) Fluorescence - Gems and Minerals under Ultraviolet Light. Geoscience Press, Inc.
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lamp—the fluorescent blue of benitoite from San Benito County, California; the lemon yellow of esperite from... or the intense green of autunite from Spokane County, Washington. The color and beauty of minerals under...alkali syenite batholith at Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Mont Saint- Hilaire provides a large variety...reference to the nearest town or village, a province or county name, or a prominent geographical feature, such...eastern United States. Mines at Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, were, however, major lead ore producers. These
Robbins, Manuel (1994) Fluorescence - Gems and Minerals under Ultraviolet Light. Geoscience Press, Inc.
Book
lamp—the fluorescent blue of benitoite from San Benito County, California; the lemon yellow of esperite from...or the intense green of autunite from Spokane County, Washington. The color and beauty of minerals under...alkali syenite batholith at Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Mont Saint- Hilaire provides a large variety...reference to the nearest town or village, a province or county name, or a prominent geographical feature, such...eastern United States. Mines at Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, were, however, major lead ore produc . These
(1928) Bibliography of North American geology for 1925 and 1926. Bulletin Vol. 802. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b802
Report (volume)
Philadelphia, Pa. Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania: Proceedings, vols. 41, 42. Pittsburgh, Pa....Maryland Geological Survey: Kent County; Queen Anne's County; Talbot County. Baltimore, Md. Mazama, vol....Pan-American Geologist, vols. 43-46. Des Moines, Iowa. Pennsylvania, Topographic and Geologic Survey: Fourth series...Atlas, nos. 37, 65, 178, 206. Harrisburg, Pa. Pennsylvania Academy of Science: Proceedings, vol. 1. Harrisburg...6. Carbonic flora of Butler's Landing [Johnson County, Iowa] (abstract):.' Pan-Am. Geologist, vol. 46
(1971) Bibliography of North American geology, 1968. Bulletin Vol. 1268. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b1268
Report (volume)
Mineral Sci. - Earth and Mineral Sciences. The Pennsylvania State University, College of Earth and Mineral...Ky. Kentucky Geol. Survey County Rept. - Kentucky Geological Survey County Report. University of Kentucky...Analysts. Houston, Tex. Los Angeles County Mus. Contr. Sci. - Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science...Science. Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Los Angeles, Calif. Los Angeles County_Mus. Nat.... History Quart.- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Quarterly. Los Angeles, Calif. Louisiana
(1972) Bibliography of North American geology, 1969. Bulletin Vol. 1269. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b1269
Report (volume)
Mineral Sci. - Earth and Mineral Sciences. The Pennsylvania State University, College of Earth and Mineral...of Kentucky Geol. Survey County Rept. - Kentucky Geological Survey County Report. University of Kentucky...Analysts. Houston, Tex. Los Angeles County Mus. Contr. Sci. - Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science...Science. Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Los Angeles, Calif. Los Angeles County Mus. Nat. History...History Quart.- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Quarterly. Los Angeles, Calif. Louisiana Water
(1973) Bibliography of North American geology, 1970. Bulletin Vol. 1370. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b1370
Report (volume)
groundwater levels on stress history of the St. Clair clay till deposit- Discussion [of paper by L. G... George G. The Metaline district, Pend Oreille County, Washington, [Chap.] 6 in Lead-zinc deposits in...fill of Red Light Bolson, southeastern Hudspeth County, Texas, in Geology of the southern Quitman Mountains...terraces along Maple River in northeastern Clinton County, Michigan, U.S.A. (their morphologic, genetic and...northwest quarter of Lemoine Township, AbitibiEast County [also French edition]: Quebec Dept. Nat. Resources
(1965) Bibliography of North American geology, 1961. Bulletin Vol. 1197. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b1197
Report (volume)
and Geology Bull. Idaho Bur. Mines and Geology County Rept.Idaho Bur. Mines and Geology Mineral Resources...Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin and County Report and Mineral Resources Report. Moscow, Idaho...Honolulu, Hawaii. Pennsylvania Dept. Public Instruction Curriculum Services Ser.-Pennsylvania Department of...Series. Harrisburg, Pa. Pennsylvania Geol. Survey Spec. Bull.- XIV Pennsylvania Geol. Survey Topog. and...Topographic and Geologic Atlas of Pennsylvania. Harrisburg, Pa. Pennsylvania State Univ. Mineral Industries
(1970) Bibliography of North American geology, 1966. Bulletin Vol. 1266. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b1266
Report (volume)
Geology California Div. Mines and Geology County Rept. Geology County Report. San Francisco, Calif. California...Ky. Kentucky .Geol. Survey County Rept. - Kentucky Geological Survey County Report. University of Kentucky...Los Angeles County Mus. Contr. Sci. in Science. Los Angeles, Calif. Los Angeles County Museum Contributions...Contributions Los Angeles County Mus. Nat. History Quart.- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Quarterly...Industries - Mineral Industries. College of Mineral Pennsylvania State University. University Park, Pa. Industries
(2001) Library of Congress Subject Headings (24th ed.) Vol. 5 - S-Z. Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Book (volume)
te Uw Ptnua} JviM M fliMitr ; K*»Wi.i it » USA sr«t«> <#**1 Ssitfi t «. ts ...S-algol (Computer program language) CQA76.73.S] UF Saint Andrews Algol (Computer program language) St. Andrews...Sac^awea, Lake (Cowitz County, Wash.) UF Fowler Lake (Wash.) Lake Sacajawea (Cowitz County, Wash.) BT Lakes...Sacajawea, Lake (Franklin County, Wash.) UF Lake Sacajawea (Franklin County, Wash.) BT Lakes Washington...California Sacramento River BT Mary, Blessed Virgin, Saint Sacra Via (Rome, Italy) USE Via Sacra (Rome, Italy)
Heinrich, E. Wm. (1976) The Mineralogy of Michigan. Bulletin 6 (1st ed.) Michigan Geological Survey Division
Report (issue)
(CaBSiO4OH) vesicle filling from a basaltic Houghton County lava flow. Small specks of native copper occur...exceptionally fine, twinned analcite crystals from Houghton County ························-··-······-··-········...····· 41 2. Ankerite on siderite from Alpena County ···-··············-··················· 46 3....stalactitic limonite from Negaunee in Marquette County .................................................(Hexagonaria percarinata) of calcite from Charlevoix County .. ..... .. ....... ...... .. ...............
(1970) Bibliography of North American geology, 1967. Bulletin Vol. 1267. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b1267
Report (volume)
Sciences [formerly Mineral Industries]. The Pennsylvania State University, College of Earth and Mineral...London, England. Idaho Bur. Mines and Geology County Rept. County Report. Moscow, Idaho. Academic Press. ...Los Angeles County Mus. Contr. Sci. in Science. Los Angeles, Calif. Los Angeles County Museum Contributions...Contributions Los Angeles County Mus. Nat. History Quart.- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Quarterly...Industries Mineral Industries. College of Mineral Pennsylvania State University. University Park, Pa. Industries
Dewey, Melvil (2003) Dewey Decimal Classification (22nd ed.) Vol. 4 - Relative Index. OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. , Dublin, OH.
Book (volume)
Center, Inc. 6565 Frantz Road Dublin, OH 43017-3395 USA www.oclc.org/dewey The paper used in this publication...Ontario Oregon Prince Edward Island Puerto Rico Pennsylvania Queensland Rhode Island South Australia South...services Abaza language Abazin language Abbeville County (S.C.) Abbeys architecture church history religious...selection Abitibi (Quebec : Regional T2--714 134 County Municipality) Abitibi, Lake (Ont. and T2--713 142...Classification Abitibi-Ouest (Quebec : Regional County Municipality) Abitibi-T emiscamingue (Quebec :
(1979) January - February 1979. The Mineralogical Record Vol. 10 (1) The Mineralogical Record, Inc.
Journal (issue)
Geological Survey Richard V. Gaines Pottstown, Pennsylvania Mary E. Mrose U. S. Geological Survey Abraham...Bavaria, Germany (1) Blue Chihuahua mine, San Diego County, 57-59% California (2) 67-80% Poland, Maine (3)...glucinium calcium phosphate and fluoride, from Oxford County, Maine. American Journal o f Science, 3rd Series...Iron-Manganese Phosphates of the Williams Pegmatites, Coosa County, Alabama (1975) P.B. Leavens and T.A. Simpson,...Mineralization of the Four Peaks Amethyst Deposit, Maricopa County, Arizona (1976) J. Lowell and T. Rybicki, Mineralogical
(1924) Geologic literature on North America, 1785-1918; Part II, Index. Bulletin Vol. 747. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b747
Report (volume)
anonymous papers, placed at the end of Part I Co. county cos. · counties CORPORATE AUTHORS. Am G American...Geology and Mines Pa. G S Pennsylvania Geological Survey Pa. Gen As Pennsylvania, General Assembly Pa. Top...Top G S Com Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey Com-· mission R Ont Nickel Com Royal Ontario...Whitfield, 02c Panama Canal Zone: Howe (M A), 15 Pennsylvania, Peach Bottom slates: Frazer, 84c Pre-Paleozoic:...Broiliellus, Texas: Williston, 14b Calamops, Triassic, Pennsylvania: Sinclair, 17 California, Rancho La Brea, Bufo:
Dufrénoy, A. (1847) Traité de Minéralogie (1st ed.) Vol. 3. Carilian-Goeury et V. Dalmont, Paris.
Book (volume)
TURIN ,DE, LA SOCIÉTÉ IMPÉRIALE DE MINERALOGIE DE SAINT-PÉTERSBOURG . DE L'INSTITUT NATIONAL DES ÉTATS-UNIS...qu'à toute autre espèce . Sa couleur d'un gris clair l'a fait désigner sous le nom d'argent blanc (white... La boulangerite est d'un gris bleuâtre assez clair. éclat est métallique . Sa cassure est fibro -...1845 p . 1121 . 14 DUFRENOYSITE dolomie du Saint-Gothard , a reconnu que ces cristaux don naient...l'expression 2P6S + sbs'. Dans le minéral du Saint -Go thard l'arsenic remplace l'antimoine . La cassure
Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies Vol. 4. Library Polytechnique, Paris.
Book (volume)
Grandrupt, consiste en nombreux octaèdres//' 2 Saint-Stail. (111) atteignant 3 millimètres ; une....FRANCE 14 Psilomélanes barytiques. c) de 9 de Saint-Martin de Fressengeas [Dordogne), par Berthier,...Gouttes-Pommiers en Saligny, et se prol on ™ ^ lei rd °irede Saint-Léon. La région est consùtuée par des calca ^ re...été trouvée avec manganite, à Laveline près de Saint-Dié. échantillons de [Alsace], M. Lesslin m’a communiqué...Château-Meillant forme des mélane de Saint-Christophe-le-Chaudry, près Saint-Amand, triasiques elle y est associée
 
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