Chao, E. C. T., Back, J. M., Minkin, J. A., Tatsumoto, M., Wen, W. J., Conrad, J. E., ... & Huang, S. G. (1997). US Geological Survey Bulletin 2143: The sedimentary carbonate-hosted giant Bayan Obo REE-Fe-Nb ore deposit of Inner Mongolia, China: A cornerstone example for giant polymetallic ore deposits of hydrothermal origin. United States Geological Survey, Bulletin, 2143.

Jinsha Xu and Ganfu Shen (2005): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 25(3), 213-216

Fan, H. R., Hu, F. F., Yang, K. F., & Wang, K. Y. (2006). Fluid unmixing/immiscibility as an ore-forming process in the giant REE–Nb–Fe deposit, Inner Mongolian, China: evidence from fluid inclusions. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 89(1-3), 104-107.

Jinsha Xu, Guaming Yang, Guowu Li, Zhilan Wu, and Ganfu Shen (2008): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 28(3), 237-243

Yang, K. F., Fan, H. R., Santosh, M., Hu, F. F., & Wang, K. Y. (2011). Mesoproterozoic carbonatitic magmatism in the Bayan Obo deposit, Inner Mongolia, North China: constraints for the mechanism of super accumulation of rare earth elements. Ore Geology Reviews, 40(1), 122-131.

Campbell, L. S., Compston, W., Sircombe, K. N., & Wilkinson, C. C. (2014). Zircon from the East Orebody of the Bayan Obo Fe–Nb–REE deposit, China, and SHRIMP ages for carbonatite-related magmatism and REE mineralization events. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 168(2), 1041-1063.

Zhang, Shuan-Hong, Zhao, Yue, Li, Qiu-Li, Hu, Zhao-Chu, Chen, Zhen-Yu (2017) First identification of baddeleyite related/linked to contact metamorphism from carbonatites in the world's largest REE deposit, Bayan Obo in North China Craton. Lithos, 284. 654-665 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2017.05.015

Yi-Li, Chang-Ke, Hong-She, Deng-Wang, Xu, Cheng, An-Wang, Rui-Li, Zi-Peng, Ze-Zhu, Kui-Yang, Chen, Wei, Jian-Zi, Wen-Song, Yong-Zhao, Zhang, Li, Yu, Hong, Guo, Bin, Sheng-Zhou, Xing-Yuan, Jing-Liu (2023) Geology and mineralization of the Bayan Obo supergiant carbonatite-type REE-Nb-Fe deposit in Inner Mongolia, China: A review. China Geology, 6 (4) 716-750 doi:10.31035/cg2023082

Reference Search (possible matching items)

	Guowu, Li, Guangming, Yang, Fude, Lu, Ming, Xiong, Xiangkun, Ge, Baoming, Pan, de Fourestier, Jeffrey (2016) Fluorcalciopyrochlore, A New Mineral Species From Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China. The Canadian Mineralogist, 54 (5) 1285-1291 doi:10.3749/canmin.1500042	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	SPECIES FROM BAYAN OBO, INNER MONGOLIA, P.R. CHINA LI GUOWU§ Crystal Structure Laboratory, China University... P.R. China YANG GUANGMING China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 430074 Wuhan, P.R. China LU FUDE...050031 Shijiazhuang, P.R. China XIONG MING Crystal Structure Laboratory, China University of Geosciences...P.R. China GE XIANGKUN Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, 10029 Beijing, P.R. China PAN...PAN BAOMING China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 430074 Wuhan, P.R. China JEFFREY DE FOURESTIER
	Smith, M.P., Moore, K., Kavecsánszki, D., Finch, A.A., Kynicky, J., Wall, F. (2016) From mantle to critical zone: A review of large and giant sized deposits of the rare earth elements. Geoscience Frontiers, 7 (3) 315-334 doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2015.12.006	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	importance of a deposit may be related to the grade for individual, or a limited group of, the elements...total REE resource, only one currently known deposit (Bayan Obo) would class as giant (>1.7×107 tonnes contained...unclassified resource estimates from the Olympic Dam IOCG deposit, all of these deposits M AN U are related to...of some of the largest deposits AC C (e.g. Bayan Obo). Hydrothermal activity involving fluids from...Rare earth elements; Carbonatite; Syenite; Giant deposit; Grade 1. Introduction The rare earth elements
	Benaouda, Rachid, Kraemer, Dennis, Sitnikova, Maria, Goldmann, Simon, Schwarz-Schampera, Ulrich, Errami, Abdellatif, Mouttaqi, Abdellah, Bau, Michael (2020) Discovery of high-grade REE-Nb-Fe mineralization associated with calciocarbonatite in south Morocco. Ore Geology Reviews, 124. 103631pp. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103631	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	zones, which contain bastnaesite and 20 pyrochlore-group minerals as the main REE and Nb ore minerals...the associated Fe-oxide 23 mineralization, pyrochlore and monazite-(Ce) are the main ore minerals occurring...Bastnaesite commonly forms prismatic aggregates whereas pyrochlore and 28 ceriopyrochlore usually display subhedral...REE-Nb-Fe, IOA, hydrothermal, epigenetic 41 deposit 3 42 1 Introduction 43 Critical metals such...Woolley and Kjarsgaard, 2008a, 2008b). Moreover, China and Brazil dominate the 50 market for REE and
	Franchini, M., Lira, R., Meinert, L., Rios, F. J., Poklepovic, M. F., Impiccini, A., Millone, H. A. (2005) Na-Fe-Ca Alteration and LREE (Th-Nb) Mineralization in Marble andGranitoids of Sierra de Sumampa, Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Economic Geology, 100 (4) 733-764 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.100.4.733	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	apatite and late Ca-Fe-Mn carbonates ± monazite ± pyrochlore overprint and crosscut granite and comendite...mineral and occurs with minor ferrocolumbite, pyrochlore, strontiopyrochlore, and apatite associated with...Fe-LREE-Nb deposit Bayan Obo and other hydrothermal LREE deposits hosted in carbonatites of China. Introduction...carbonatites, particularly the large Bayan Obo deposit in China (Mariano, 1989a). Two districts with...Argentina (Fig. 1A): (1) The Rodeo de los Molles deposit, located in the Oriental Pampean Ranges of San
	Nedosekova, Irina, Vladykin, Nikolay, Udoratina, Oksana, Belyatsky, Boris (2021) Ore and Geochemical Specialization and Substance Sources of the Ural and Timan Carbonatite Complexes (Russia): Insights from Trace Element, Rb–Sr, and Sm–Nd Isotope Data. Minerals, 11 (7) 711 doi:10.3390/min11070711	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	signatures and ore specialization: Nb-deposits of pyrochlore carbonatites are associated with the IVC, while...moderately depleted mantle source for rocks and pyrochlore mineralization. The Buldym complex has a higher...carbonatites; Sr–Nd isotopes; Nb–REE deposits; pyrochlore; bastnäsite; Urals; Timan Received: 28 May 2021...with carbonatites: Mountain Pass (USA) and Bayun-Obo (China) provide more than half of the world production...production of rare earth elements of the cerium group. Carbonatites are usually cogenetic with alkaline rocks
	*Dostal, Jaroslav, Gerel, Ochir (2022) Occurrences of Niobium and Tantalum Mineralization in Mongolia. Minerals, 12 (12) 1529 doi:10.3390/min12121529*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Occurrences of Niobium and Tantalum Mineralization in Mongolia Jaroslav Dostal 1, * and Ochir Gerel 2 1 2 ...Occurrences of Niobium and Tantalum Mineralization in Mongolia. Minerals 2022, 12, 1529. https:// doi.org/10...Technology, Baga Toiruu 34, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia* Correspondence: jarda.dostal@smu.ca Abstract:...columbite-tantalite and pyrochlore-microlite groups are the most common Ta- and Nb-bearing minerals. In Mongolia, primary...mainly mineralization of Sn, W, Ta, Li, and Nb. Mongolia hosts several promising occurrences of both types
	Dill, H. G., Melcher, F., Füßl, M., Weber, B. (2007) The origin of rutile-ilmenite aggregates (“nigrine”) in alluvial-fluvial placers of the Hagendorf pegmatite province, NE Bavaria, Germany. Mineralogy and Petrology, 89 (3) 133-158 doi:10.1007/s00710-006-0140-x	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	additionally have inclusions of ferrocolumbite, pyrochlore, betafite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite and Fe oxides...16 1.37 0.03 74.13 0.05 2.27 0.40 0.30 0.18 pyrochlore 7134=2 Pingermühle (Zottbach) 9 B1 1.178 ...032 0.005 0.004 0.002 0.201 0.002 0.001 0.007 pyrochlore 7134=2 Pingermühle (Zottbach) 9 B1 7 3.510...Location: Pflaumbach near Pleystein. c Bed load deposit of subrounded grains of nigrine (black) disseminated...exsolutions and inclusions of ferrocolumbite and pyrochlore. In subtype B2, Nb-, Fe- and V-rich rutile exsolves
	*Tkachev, A. V., Rundqvist, D. V., Vishnevskaya, N. A. (2020) Comparison of Supercontinent Cycles in the Metallogeny of Niobium. Geology of Ore Deposits, 62 (1) 49-68 doi:10.1134/s1075701520010067*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	less than 100000 tons of Nb2О5 (including past mining, if it took place). The number of such objects...authors (Tkachev and Rundquist, 2016a, 2016b). DEPOSIT TYPES All niobium resources corresponding to the...nepheline–syenite (Zozulya et al., 2007). In the former, pyrochlore is only of mineralogical interest, GEOLOGY OF...Tanbreez; (11) Motzfeldt; (12) Seis Lagos; (13) Bayan Obo; (14) Nemegosenda; (15) Luesh; (16) Bingo; (17)...31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Deposit Nechalacho Pitinga Brockman Katugin Mount Weld
	Walter, B.F., Parsapoor, A., Braunger, S., Marks, M.A.W., Wenzel, T., Martin, M., Markl, G. (2018) Pyrochlore as a monitor for magmatic and hydrothermal processes in carbonatites from the Kaiserstuhl volcanic complex (SW Germany) Chemical Geology, 498. 1-16 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.08.008	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Accepted Manuscript Pyrochlore as a monitor for magmatic and hydrothermal processes in carbonatites from...A.W. Marks, T. Wenzel, M. Martin, G. Markl , Pyrochlore as a monitor for magmatic and hydrothermal processes...the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 1 Pyrochlore as a monitor for magmatic and hydrothermal processes...walter@uni-tuebingen.de ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 1. Abstract Pyrochlore from the Kaiserstuhl volcanic complex (SW Germany)...(Henkenberg, Kirchberg). Oscillatory-zoned F-rich pyrochlore with up to 69 wt.% Nb2O5 is common in all coarse-grained
	Giebel, R. Johannes, Gauert, Christoph D.K., Marks, Michael A.W., Costin, Gelu, Markl, Gregor (2017) Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 102 (6) 1218-1233 doi:10.2138/am-2017-6004	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	carbonatites and phoscorite (blue field) of the Loolekop deposit. Note: Main phases in bold, minor phases in plain...pit level (random sampling—upper 600 m of the deposit; Bulakh, personal communication) and provided only...for carbonatites and phoscorites of the Loolekop deposit. Detailed descriptions of REE minerals (marked...main calcite stage, Deposit item AM-17-66004, Supplemental Material and Table 2. Deposit items are free to...Ce-enriched, Nd-dominated end-member of this mineral group and is very rare compared to all other REE minerals
	Amores-Casals, , Melgarejo, , Bambi, , Gonçalves, , Morais, , Manuel, , Neto, , Costanzo, , Molist, (2019) Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola) Minerals, 9 (10) 601 doi:10.3390/min9100601	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	reconstruct the dynamics of the complex, the pyrochlore composition and distribution have been used as...evolution of the complex. An early Na-, F-rich pyrochlore is disseminated throughout the carbonatite plug...dykes. Crystal accumulation led to enrichment of pyrochlore crystals in the plug margins, phoscoritic units...the crystallization of magmatic Na-, F- poor pyrochlore but progressively enriched in LILE and HFSE....processes and the formation of carbonatite breccia. Pyrochlore is the main Nb carrier in mingled carbonatites
	Kozlov, Evgeniy, Fomina, Ekaterina, Sidorov, Mikhail, Shilovskikh, Vladimir (2018) Ti-Nb Mineralization of Late Carbonatites and Role of Fluids in Its Formation: Petyayan-Vara Rare-Earth Carbonatites (Vuoriyarvi Massif, Russia) Geosciences, 8 (8) 281 doi:10.3390/geosciences8080281	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	-polymorphs (anatase, brookite and rutile) and three pyrochlore group members (hydroxycalcio-, fluorcalcio-, and...in the Petyayan-Vara) and minerals of the pyrochlore group. This process also caused niobium enrichment...elements. Keywords: metasomatism; brookite; anatase; pyrochlore; niobium; carbonatites; Vuoriyarvi massif 1...niobium concentrators are minerals of the pyrochlore group and, less frequently, the perovskite, columbite...evolution of the Morro dos Seis Lagos Nb (Ti, REE) deposit (Amazonas, Brazil) deserves particular attention
	Möller, Peter, Černy, Petr, Saupé, Francis - Eds. (1989) Special Publication of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits - Lanthanides, Tantalum and Niobium - Proceedings of a workshop in Berlin, November 1986 - Special Publication of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits No. 7. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-87262-4	Book
	nearly all metals and the inevitable closing of many mining operations, it is a matter of the industry's survival...decision, not only is a handy volume affered to the mining and processing community but also duplication of...Ercit (with 21 Figures) . . . . . . 3 27 Pyrochlore Group Minerals from the Qaqarssuk Carbonatite Complex...The Bastnaesite-Fluorite-Barite Deposit of the Kizilcaören District, Eskisehir, Turkey. G. Morteani and...Granite-Hosted Tantalum Deposits: An Approach via District Analysis. P. 1. Pollard (with 1 Figure) . . .
	Ge, Xiangkun, Fan, Guang, Li, Guowu, Shen, Ganfu, Chen, Zhangru, Ai, Yujie (2017) Mianningite, ([], Pb, Ce, Na) (U4+, Mn, U6+) Fe3+ 2(Ti, Fe3+)18 O38, a new member of the crichtonite group from Maoniuping REE deposit, Mianning county, southwest Sichuan, China. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29 (2) 331-338 doi:10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2600	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	crichtonite group from Maoniuping REE deposit, Mianning county, northwest Sichuan, China 4 XIANGKUN...crichtonite group from the Maoniuping REE deposit, Mianning county, Sichuan province, China. It was found...hydroxylapatite, titanite, ilmenite, rutile, garnet-group minerals, zircon, allanite-(Ce), monazite-(Ce),...parisite-(Ce), maoniupingite-(Ce), thorite, pyrochlore-group minerals and chlorite. Mianningite occurs... Mianningite is trigonal, belongs to the space group R3, and has unit-cell parameters a = 10.3462(5)
	*Hyršl, Jaroslav, Bernard, Jan (2013) Minerals and their Localities* - Supplement - Minerals described since 2004. Granit, Prague.**	Book (edition)
	cover photo: Ottensite, 35 111111, Qinglong dist., China Fluomatromicrolite, x 25111111, Naipa mine, Mozambique...Zarshouran Au-As deposit, Takab region, Iran Grandviewite, 5 111111, Capillitas deposit, Argentina Calciopetersite...supergroup (Pasero et al., EJM 22, 163-179, 2010), pyrochlore supergroup (Atencio et al., CM 48, 673-698, 2010)...expensive analyses (especially amphibole and pyrochlore supergroups). In the case of light elements,...province prefecture county departement departamento district municipio
	*Blackburn, William H., Dennen, William H. (1997) Encyclopedia of Mineral Names* - Special Publication No. 1. The Canadian Mineralogist, Ottawa.**	Book
	the individuals who made crystallographic space-group, and references to the the discoveries, and scientists...classifications were less than successful, and as a distinct group of minerals and proposed the basic often confusing...to name the new mineral in honor of a person or group, to identify the locality where the mineral was...descriptions are also in bold face. Some commonly used group names and series names are given in plain face....orthoclase, but amethystine for amethyst. Neither group. If ambiguities or options exist for the charac-
	*(2017) Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply. Professional Paper* 1802. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/pp1802**	Report (issue)
	Survey has produced this volume to describe a select group of mineral commodities currently critical to our...geology and global distribution of the mineral deposit types that account for the present and possible...rare-earth elements, and antimony in China; niobium in Brazil; and platinum-group elements in South Africa and...potential environmental and health issues caused by the mining and processing of many mineral commodities may...same commodities. Rare-earth elements and platinum-group elements particularly are broadly viewed as critical
	Dill, Harald G. (2010) The “chessboard” classification scheme of mineral deposits: Mineralogy and geology from aluminum to zirconium. Earth-Science Reviews, 100 (1) 1-420 doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.011	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	from the text by simply using the code of each deposit in the chart. This code can be created by combining... . . . . 3.4. Metamorphic chromium (gemstone) deposit . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5. Chromium supply and.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Platinum group elements (PGE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...platinum-group-element deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3. Structure-related platinum-group-element...Sedimentary platinum-group-element deposits . . . . . . . . . . 6.5. Platinum-group-element supply and
	Dill, Harald G. (2010) The “chessboard” classification scheme of mineral deposits: Mineralogy and geology from aluminum to zirconium. Earth-Science Reviews, 100 (1) 1-420 doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.011	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	from the text by simply using the code of each deposit in the chart. This code can be created by combining... . . . . 3.4. Metamorphic chromium (gemstone) deposit . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5. Chromium supply and.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Platinum group elements (PGE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...platinum-group-element deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3. Structure-related platinum-group-element...Sedimentary platinum-group-element deposits . . . . . . . . . . 6.5. Platinum-group-element supply and
	*Wilhelmsen, Markus Nytun (2020) The scandium content of beryllium-bearing minerals and micas from Tørdal pegmatites and its genetic and economic implications. Master, University of Oslo.*	Thesis/Dissertation
	the intermediate and albite replacement zones (inner zones of the pegmatite body). In the Svåheii 2b...the minerals bazzite, scandian ixiolite, and pyrochlore from the Heftetjern pegmatite. This indicated...company Scandium International Mining Corporation (Scandium International Mining Corp., 2020b). This company...identify Be minerals, such as beryl, gadolinite group minerals, and bazzite, and their Be concentrations...field, comprise worldwide the most common chemical group of pegmatites (Segalstad and Eggleston, 1993). Therefore
	Kogel, Jessica Elzea, Trivedi, Nikhil C., Barker, James M., Krukowski, Stanley T. - Eds. (2006) Industrial Minerals and Rocks (7th ed.) Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., Littleton, CO.	Book (edition)
	© 2006 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. All rights reserved. Electronic edition...edition published 2009. © 2006 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. All rights reserved...edition published 2009. © 2006 by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. All rights reserved...Electronic edition published 2009. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. (SME) 8307 Shaffer...763-3132 www.smenet.org Copyright © 2006 Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. Eletronic edition
	*Clark, A. M. (1993) Hey's Mineral Index* - Mineral Species, Varieties and Synonyms (3rd ed.) Natural History Museum, London.**	Book (edition)
	belongs to a broader group of related minerals, the name adopted for the group is given beneath the formula...editions of this book. Brieny. within each anionic group the minerals arc arranged in order determined by...those of the alkaline earths, etc. Within each group the minerals are tabulated with increasing anion...7.3 AbernalhJile. K(U00As0,.4H�O. Meta-autunite group. M.E. Thompson. B. Ingram. and E.B. G ross ( 1 956)...p. 579. Abkhazite. syn. of tremolite. Amphibole group. N.E. E fremov ( 1 940 for 1 938) Trans. 111st.
	*Maier, Wolfgang D., Lahtinen, Raimo, O'Brien, Hugh - Eds.* (2015) Mineral Deposits of Finland. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/c2012-0-02750-0**	Book
	Survey of Finland, Kuopio, Finland E. Hanski Oulu Mining School, Oulu, Finland A. Hartikainen Geological...Silver Oy, Vuokatti, Finland K. Luolavirta Oulu Mining School, Oulu, Finland J. Luukas Geological Survey...Survey of Finland, Kuopio, Finland M. Moilanen Oulu Mining School, Oulu, Finland F. Molnár Geological Survey...University of St. Andrews, UK J.-P. Ranta Oulu Mining School, Oulu, Finland xxiii xxiv Contributors...Siikaluoma AngloAmerican Exploration, AA Sakatti Mining Oy, Sodankylä, Finland P.B. Sorjonen-Ward Geological
	*Hazen, Robert M., Jones, Adrian P., Baross, John A. - Eds.* (2013) Carbon in Earth. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Vol. 75. Mineralogical Society of America**	Report (volume)
	community. Subsequent deep carbon meetings in Bejing, China (2010), Novosibirsk, Russia (2011), and Washington.................................19 The aragonite group...................................................239 Sound velocities of Fe, Fe3C and those of the inner core...........................................241..........................458 The Songliao Basin, China ..................................................? ? 2 0 km 2890 km Outer core e. 5150 km Inner core 3 1 Continental crust Lithosphere 6370
	*(2014, October) Natural Resources in a Planetary Perspective. Geochemical Perspectives* Vol. 3 (2) European Association of Geochemistry**	Journal (issue)
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 2.8 Mining Meteorites and Other Planets . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 261 4.6 Platinum Group Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....colleagues from the Schumacher Institute and the Balaton Group, including Ian Roderick, Jenneth Parker, Alice-Marie...discussion of precious (gold, silver and platinum group metals) and other metals. These other metals are... lithium), and the chemical industry (platinum group metals, cobalt and rare earth elements). The sobering

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Pyrochlore Group from Bayan Obo deposit, Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo mining district, Baotou City (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, China

Pyrochlore Group from
Bayan Obo deposit, Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo mining district, Baotou City (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, China