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Improving Mindat.orgWad?

16th Jan 2007 14:14 UTCCarlos Calvet

While adding Wad to the gallery, I found in MinDat's Wad under http://www.mindat.org/photo-68454.html a photo of a manganese nodule that the author describes correctly as: "Locality: KCON claim, USA-4, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, 13°N 127°W, Pacific Ocean; Ferromanganese nodule 'pelagite' of 3 cm diameter. Photo and collection Antonio Borrelli".


In my opinion, this photo has been placed erroneously as Wad: Above kind of Manganese Nodules are found at the bottom of active oceans and are of vulcanic origin. On the contrary, what the swedish miners called Wad, is of hydrothermal origin and no nodule! Wad would dissolve under oceanic conditions. Manganese Nodules do not!


Carlos

16th Jan 2007 15:06 UTCPeter Andresen Expert

The definition here in Mindat is:


"A generic name for (often poorly crystalline) soft Manganese Oxides/Hydroxides, often containing significant amounts of hydroxides/oxides of other metals (Iron, Barium, etc.) "



In "The manual of mineralogy" (Klein & Hurlbut, after Dana):


"Wad is the name given to manganese ore composed of an impure mixture of hydrous manganese oxides."



Nothing is mentioned about how it's formed, so it can very well be used on manganese nodules.


Peter

16th Jan 2007 15:06 UTCDavid Von Bargen Manager

Wad is a garbage term for unanalyzed manganese oxides. It also includes amorphous manganese oxides. (like limonite or apatite).

16th Jan 2007 15:23 UTCjacques jedwab

Oceanic manganese nodules are best described as "rocks", although difficult to pigeonhole: they are composed, in addition to the Mn oxihydroxides, of zeolithes (phillipsite), clays, shark teeth, cosmic spherules and dust, coal particles....

16th Jan 2007 16:04 UTCCarlos Calvet

Wikipedia and others cite several sources, all describing marine manganese nodules:


Cronan, D. S. (1980). Underwater Minerals. London: Academic Press.

Cronan, D. S. (2000). Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Cronan, D. S. (2001). "Manganese nodules." p. 1526-1533 in Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, J. Steele, K. Turekian and S. Thorpe, eds. San Diego: Academic Press.

Earney, F.C. (1990). Marine Mineral Resources. London: Routledge.

Roy, S. (1981). Manganese Deposits. London: Academic Press.

Teleki, P.G., M.R. Dobson, J.R. Moore and U. von Stackelberg (eds). (1987). Marine Minerals: Advances in Research and Resource Assessment. Dordrecht: D. Riedel.


as:


"Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core."


I am Biologist, and especially Marine Biologist, and I have read a lot about Manganese Nodules. They are exclusively of marine habitat and shall never be misinterpreted as non-marine Wad that, under circumstances, could ressemble those vulcanically originated nodules from the bottom of the sea. Further, marine nodules are often very young (beginning with approx. 10-100 or 1000 years only after submarine vulcanic activity, while Wad is often very old (millions of years). Both are hydrothermal, but the medium of the former is hot marine water around a +/- recent vulcano, while the medium of the latter is almost melted rock due to hydrothermal activity in a more ancient vulcano.


Carlos

16th Jan 2007 16:10 UTCAlfredo Petrov Manager

Carlos, the nature of genesis of a mineral has no influence on the name of the mineral. Native sulphur, for example, can come from volcanic fumaroles, or decomposition of sulphides, or bacterial metabolism of gypsum - it is in any case just the same mineral "native sulphur". We call soft impure mixtures of manganese oxides "wad", whether they are from hydrothermal vein oxide zones, biogenic or marine precipitates - it doesn't matter.

17th Jan 2007 08:35 UTCCarlos Calvet

ok!

Carlos
 
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