Pseudomorphs & Replacements D to I

Click here to view Pseudomorphs & Replacements A & B. Click here to view Pseudomorphs & Replacements C. Click here to view Pseudomorphs & Replacements J to M. Click here for Pseudomorphs & Replacements N to P. Click here to view Pseudomorphs & Replacements Quartz. Click here to view Pseudomorphs & Replacements R to Z. Click here to view Best Minerals P, click here to view and here for Best Minerals A to Z and here for Fast Navigation of completed Best Minerals articles.


Can you help make this a better article? What good localities have we missed? Can you supply pictures of better specimens than those we show here? Can you give us more and better information about the specimens from these localities? Can you supply better geological or historical information on these localities?


Datolite & Quartz after Anhydrite
USA
New Jersey, Passaic Co., Haledon, Braen Quarry (Braen Stone Industry Quarry; Sam Braen Quarry)

Datolite after Anhydrite 5.4cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Datolite after Anhydrite ~14cm wide	© EAS 2008

Many of these pseudomorphs may be somewhat complex. It may be that most of them were originally crystals of Anhydrite covered by a thin crusts or even partial crusts of quartz. Later the Anhydrite was dissolved and then Datolite and other minerals were deposited on the quartz at a later date. Often it may be that the amount of Datolite and other minerals are much greater than the amount of the quartz in the specimen.



Datolite after Anhydrite with Apophyllite/b]
USA
New Jersey, Somerset Co., Bernards Township, Millington Quarry (Morris County Crushed Stone Co. Quarry; Tilcon Quarry)

Datolite after Anhydrite 5cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Back side of left	© Rob Lavinsky

Danburite after Topaz with Topaz
Burma (Myanmar)
Mandalay Division, Sagaing District, Mogok

Danburite @ Topaz w Topaz 8.4cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Descloizite after Vanadinite with Calcite
Mexico
Chihuahua, Mun. de Coyame, Cuchillo Parado, Aurora Mine

Descloizite @ Vanadinite & Calcite 2.5cm	© Freilich

Descloizite after Vanadinite
Portugal
Beja District, Moura, Sobral da Adiça

Descloizite after Vanadinite 3cm wide	© Rui Nunes 2009

Descloizite after Vanadinite
Namibia
Otjozondjupa Region, Grootfontein District, Grootfontein, Abenab Mine

Descloizite @ Vanadinite & Calcite 3.6cm	© Lavinsky

Descloizite after Vanadinite ~5.5cm tall	©

Descloizite after Vanadinite ~7.6cm wide	©

These are old time specimens and I don't think any of them have been produced during the last 75 years or so. They used to be fairly abundant and you can often see them in old institutional collections. All that I have seen have sustained some damage and most of them still have altered at least on the surface to Descloizite and all have cores of red Vanadinite. I have seen some crystals of at least four inches, and if these had been encountered and carefully collected in an unaltered state they would have produced undoubtedly the worlds finest Vanadinite specimens.
[Rock Currier 2011]


Descloizite after Wulfenite
USA
Arizona, Pinal Co., Mammoth District, Tiger, St. Anthony deposit, Mammoth-Saint Anthony Mine (Mammoth-St Anthony Mine; Mammoth Mine; St. Anthony Mine)

Descloizite @ Wulfenite 1.5cm wide	© Michael Cline

Digenite after Chalcocite
UK
Cornwall, St Just District, Cornwall, St Just, Botallack, Botallack Mine

Digenite after Chalcocite ~6.5cm wide	©

Dioptase after Calcite
Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
Katanga (Shaba), Katanga Copper Crescent, Central area, Shinkolobwe, Tantara Mine

Dioptase after Calcite 9.7cm across	© Paul De Bondt

Dioptase after Calcite 6.5cm wide	©

Dolomite after Aragonite
Italy
Tuscany, Grosseto Province, Gavorrano, Gavorrano Mine

Dolomite @ Aragonite ~5cm wide	© Marco Barsanti

Dolomite after Aragonite
Namibia
Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Tsumeb, Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine)

Dolomite after Aragonite 4cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Dolomite after Aragonite
USA
New Mexico, Eddy Co.

Dolomite @ Aragonite to 5.5cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Every area of the world where collectors exist in large numbers, there are local localities like these that produce specimens that are not very notable, but never the less cherished and collected by local collectors. Even though they may be locally abundant, they do not achieve wide distribution in the collector community because of their unremarkable character and it will pay no one enough to go to the trouble of collecting them and selling them. These may be prime examples of such specimens but in truth I have no idea of how abundant these specimens are and I hope someone who has collected them may read this and volunteer specific information about this locality and its specimens.
[Rock Currier 2011]


Dolomite after Aragonite
USA
New Mexico, Guadalupe Co.

Dolomite @ Aragonite 4.1cm wide	© Michael C. Roarke

Dolomite after Aragonite
USA
Wyoming, Big Horn Co., Lovell

Dolomite @ Aragonite 2.7cm	© John H. Betts

Dolomite after Aragonite 5cm wide

Dolomite after Calcite
Belgium
Namur Province, Namur, Beez

Dolomite after Calcite 8.2cm tall	© Paul De Bondt

Dolomite after Calcite
Bulgaria
Plovdiv Oblast, Rhodope Mts, Laki (Luki), Djurkovo Complex, Droujba (Drujba) Mine

Dolomite after Calcite 6cm tall	© Michael Shaw

Dolomite after Calcite
Bulgaria
Plovdiv Oblast, Rhodope Mts, Laki (Luki), Govedarnika Mine

Dolomite after Calcite 10cm wide	© Michael Shaw

Dolomite after Calcite
Germany
North Rhine-Westphalia, Sauerland, Lennestadt, Grevenbrück quarry

Dolomite @ Calcite 7.5cm wide	© G. van der Veldt

Dolomite after Calcite 5.5cm wide	© G. van der Veldt

Dolomite @ Calcite 11cm wide	© G. van der Veldt

Dolomite after Calcite 9cm wide	© G. van der Veldt

Dolomite after Calcite
Germany
Saxony, Erzgebirge, Schlema-Hartenstein District, Shaft 371

Dolomite @ Calcite 6cm tall	© Weinrich Minerals, Inc.

Dolomite after Calcite & Calcite
Mexico
Guanajuato

Dolomite after Calcite 5.9cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Dolomite after Calcite
Namibia
Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Tsumeb, Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine)

Dolomite after Calcite 7.1cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Dolomite after Calcite 2.8cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Dolomite after Calcite 7.5cm tall	© Crystal Classics

Back side of left	© Crystal Classics

Dolomite after Calcite 9cm wide	© Crystal Classics

Dolomite after Calcite & Calcite
Poland
Lower Silesia (Dolnoslaskie), Rudawy Janowickie Mts, Czarnów, Redziny, Dolomite quarry

Dolomite after Calcite 16cm wide	© E. Szełęg

Dolomite after Calcite 12cm wide	© E. Szełęg

Dolomite after Calcite
Romania
Maramures Co., Cavnic (Kapnic; Kapnik)

Dolomite after Calcite 9.5cm wide	© G. van der Veldt

Dolomite after Calcite 13cm wide	© G. van der Veldt

Dolomite after Calcite
Romania
Maramures Co., Cavnic (Kapnic; Kapnik), Cavnic Mine (Kapnikbánya)

Dolomite @ Calcite 8cm wide	© 2001 John H. Betts

Dolomite after Halite
USA
Oklahoma, Major Co., Fairfiew

Dolomite after Halite 7.5cm wide	© Peter Hargis

Dolomite after Magnesite
Italy
Piedmont, Torino Province, Canavese District, Chiusella Valley, Traversella, Traversella Mine

Dolomite @ Magnesite FOV 6cm	© GMV - Traversella

Dolomite after Quartz
Romania
Maramures Co., Cavnic (Kapnic; Kapnik), Cavnic Mine (Kapnikbánya)

Dolomite after Quartz 9.8cm	© Tamás Ungvári 2005

Dolomite after Siderite
Romania
Maramures Co., Cavnic (Kapnic; Kapnik)

Dolomite after Siderite 14cm wide	© Albert Russ

Dolomite after Siderite
Romania
Maramures Co., Baia Mare (Nagybánya), Chiuzbaia (Kisbánya), Herja Mine

Dolomite @ Siderite 12.7cm wide	© Weinrich

Dolomite after Stibnite
Romania
Maramures Co., Cavnic (Kapnic; Kapnik)

Dolomite after Stibnite 10.9cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Duftite after Wulfenite
Namibia
Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Tsumeb

Duftite @ Azurite and Mimetite 4cm tall	© Madmineralz

Duftite after Wulfenite
Namibia
Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Tsumeb

Duftite @ Wulfenite 3.3cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Duftite @ Wulfenite 2.5cm center	© Jasun McAvoy

Dyscrasite after Silver
Czech Republic
Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen), Central Bohemia Region, Príbram

Dyscrasite after Silver 4cm	© JBS 2006

One wonders if this specimen is described accurately. It would appear that the shape of the crystal is all wrong for a silver crystal.


Elpadite, Aegirine etc. after Eudaylite
Greenland
Kitaa (West Greenland) Province, Narsaq, Igaliku (Igaliko), Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk), Narssârssuk pegmatite (Narsarsuk pegmatite)

Elpadite @ Eudaylite xl. ~2cm	© C.H.M.-Schäfer

Elpadite @ Eudaylite xls to 1.5cm	© C.H.M.-Schäfer

Elpadite after Serandite; Serandite (bottom)
Canada
Québec, Montérégie, Rouville RCM, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Poudrette quarry (Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Desourdy quarry)

Elpidite after Serandite ~11cm; bottom is Serandite	©

Ernstite after Eosphorite
Brazil
Minas Gerais, Doce valley, Divino das Laranjeiras

Ernstite after Eosphorite 7.5cm wide	© HW

Epsomite after Glauberite
Australia
South Australia, Mt Lofty Ranges, North Mt Lofty Ranges, Lochiel, Lake Bumbunga

Epsomite after Glauberite 5cm	© Willoughby

Epsomite after Glauberite 5.5 cm wide	© Nunes

Eriochalcite after Bandylite
Chile
Antofagasta Region, El Loa Province, Calama, Chuquicamata District, Toki Cu deposit, Queténa Mine

Eriochalcite after Bandylite 7.8cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Eriochalcite @ Bandylite close up	© Lavinsky

The few good specimens of Bandylite I have seen look like little green playing cards on matrix and here you can see the some rather rough little green "playing cards". Bandylite is not very stable and probably most specimens of Bandylite have been altered to Eriochalcite.


Ettringite after calcite?
South Africa
Northern Cape Province, Kalahari manganese fields, Kuruman, N'Chwaning Mines

Ettringite after Calcite? 4.7cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Euclase after Beryl
Zimbabwe
Mashonaland West, Karoi (Urungwe; Hurungwe) District

Euclase after Beryl 8cm tall	© Russell G. Rizzo

There are much better examples of this type of pseudomorph and when pictures become available we will place them here.


Fahlunite after Cordierite
USA
Connecticut, Middlesex Co., Haddam, Timms Hill (Tim's Hill)

Fahlunite @ Cordierite 11 cm wide	© Moritz

Feldspar after Lepidolite
Brazil
Minas Gerais, Jequitinhonha valley, Capelinha

Feldspar @ lepidolite w Tourmaline4.7cm	© Lavinsky

It is debatable that the feldspar is really replacing the lepidolite in this specimen, but saying so might help sell the specimen. Also its a pretty specimen and lord knows most of the pseudomorphs pictured here can use all the help they can get.


feldspar after Leucite
Czech Republic
Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen), Karlovy Vary Region, Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge), Ostrov, Loucná

feldspar after Leucite FOV 7.5cm wide	© Elmar Lackner

feldspar after Leucite 4.3cm	© J. Witkowski

Feldspar after Tourmaline
USA
California, San Diego Co., Mesa Grande District, Gem Hill, Himalaya Mine (Himalaya dikes; Himalaya pegmatite)

Feldspar after Tourmaline 5.6cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Ferberite after Scheelite
France
Limousin, Haute-Vienne, Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat, Puy-les-Vignes

Ferberite after Scheelite ~7.5cm wide	©

Ferberite after Scheelite 7cm wide	© Alain TUEL

Ferberite after Scheelite
Japan
Honshu Island, Chubu region, Yamanashi prefecture, Kinpuzan district, Kofu City, Otome mine (Mitake mine)

Ferberite after Scheelite 3.8cm tall	© Kiyoshi Kiikuni

Fluorapatite after Pyromorphite
Germany
Saxony, Erzgebirge, Freiberg District, Halsbrücke, Lorenz Gegentrum Mine

Fluorapatite @ Pyromorphite FOV 6mm	© Wolfsried

Fluorite after Calcite
Mexico
Chihuahua, Mun. de Aquiles Serdán, Santa Eulalia District

Fluorite @ Calcite 14.7cm tall	© Lavinsky

Fluorite after Calcite 9.3cm wide	© Lavinsky

Fluorite after crinoid stem
UK
England, Derbyshire, Ashover, Milltown, Milltown Quarry

Fluorite after crinoid stem 1cm wide	© Steve Rust

Fluorite after mica
Namibia
Erongo Region, Usakos and Omaruru Districts, Erongo Mountain

Fluorite after mica 3.6cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Fluorite after mica, 4.5cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Fluorite after mica	© Rob Lavinsky

Fluorite after mica	© Rob Lavinsky

Fluorite after Wood
Germany
Saxony, Chemnitz, Hilbersdorf

Fluorite after Wood 5.2cm wide	© PMB

Galena after Cerussite
Germany
North Rhine-Westphalia, Niederberg area, Wülfrath, Rohdenhaus, Rohdenhaus Quarry (incl. Krieger Quarry)

Galena after Cerussite FOV 4mm	© Thieme

Galena after Pillaite?
Italy
Tuscany, Lucca Province, Apuan Alps, Stazzema, Ponte Stazzemese, Buca della Vena Mine

Galena after Pillaite? FOV 3mm?	© Cristian B.

Galena after Pyromorphite
France
Brittany, Finistère, Huelgoat

Galena @ Pyromorphite 2cm wide	© Jasun McAvoy

Galena after Pyromorphite
France
Brittany, Finistère, Poullaouen

Galena after Pyromorphite ~7.5cm wide	©

Galena after Pyromorphite
Germany
Rhineland-Palatinate, Hunsrück Mts, Bernkastel-Kues

Galena after Pyromorphite ~4.5cm tall	©

Galena after Pyromorphite ~3.5cm tall	©

Galena after Pyromorphite ~4.5cm wide	©

Galena after Pyromorphite ~6.5c wide	©

These pseudomorphs of Galena after Pyromorphite are not always complete replacements but never the less these are amongst the most sought after pseudomorphs by collectors, and can bring thousands of dollars each. Some of the ones pictured here and below are amongst the best examples of these pseudomorphs.


Galena after Pyromorphite
Germany
Rhineland-Palatinate, Hunsrück Mts, Bernkastel-Kues, Kautenbach Mine

Galena after Pyromorphite ~8.5cm tall	©

Galena @ Pyromorphite 4cm wide	© G. van der Veldt

.

Galena @ Pyromorphite 2.6cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Galena @ Pyromorphite 6cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Galena after Pyromorphite
UK
England, Cornwall, St Agnes District, Perranzabuloe, Hendra Croft, Wheal Hope (incl. South Wheal Budnick; West Wheal Hope)

Pyromorphite after Galena ~8cm tall	©

Galena after Pyromorphite 10.5cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

.

Galena after Pyromorphite 2.7cm	© Paul De Bondt

Garnet after Orthoclase & Epidote
China
Hebei Province, Handan Prefecture

Garmet @ Orthoclase & Epidote 6.3cm	© Jiangbin

Another view of left	© Jiangbin

Gasparite-(Ce) after Synchysite
Italy
Piedmont, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Ossola Valley, Baceno, Mount Cervandone, Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)

1.7mm Gasparite-(Ce) @ Synchysite	© Bonacina

1.8mm Gasparite-(Ce) @ Synchysite	© Bonacina

Gmelinite after Chabazite
Canada
Nova Scotia, Cumberland Co., Bay of Fundy, Five Islands

Gmelinite @ Chabazite 4.1 cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Gmelinite @ Chabazite 4.1cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Gmelinite @ Chabazite 7.6cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Gmelinite after Chabazite 7.3cm wide	© Weinrich

Gobbinsite after garronit??
Canada
Québec, Montérégie, Rouville RCM, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Poudrette quarry (Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Desourdy quarry)

Gobbinsite after Garronite?? & Analcime FOV 1.7cm

The Goethite pseudomorphs shown below in many cases would probably be more accurately labeled limonite after xxxxx. Almost certainly the majority of the specimens shown below were never accurately characterized before posting. These together with those in the section containing the limonite pseudomorphs represent a very large group of pseudomorphs, and a large collection of the many different types could be made.

Goethite after Calcite
Germany
Sazony, Erzgebirge, Eibenstock

Goethite after Calcite 11.5cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Goethite after Calcite
Namibia
Erongo Region, Usakos and Omaruru Districts, Erongo Mountain

Goethite after Calcite 4.5cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Goethite after Cuprite
Germany
North Rhine-Westphalia, Bergisches Land, Rösrath, Hoffnungsthal, Leibnitz-Dante Mine

Goethite @ Cuprite FOV 1.2mm wide	© Thieme

Goethite after Gypsum
Mexico
Chihuahua, La Negra, Mun. de Carmargo, Hercules Mine (Negra Mine)

Goethite after Gypsum 4.2cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Goethite after Gypsum
Mexico
Chihuahua, Mun. de Aquiles Serdán, Santa Eulalia District

Geothite after Gypsum 16.0cm tall	© Lavinsky

Goethite after Gypusm? & Calcite
Morocco
Atlas Mts.

Goethite after Gypsum with Calcite 9cm wide	© Martins da Pedra

Goethite after Ilvaite
Russia
Far-Eastern Region, Primorskiy Kray, Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Nikolaevskiy Mine

Goethite @ Ilvaite 4.7cm	© Peterson

Goethite after Ilvaite 5.7cm tall	© Shaw

Goethite after Kutnohorite?
South Africa
Northern Cape Province, Kalahari manganese fields, Kuruman, N'Chwaning Mines

Goethite @ Kutnohorite? 6.5cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Goethite after Marcasite
Hungary
Pest Co., Budai Mts., Budaörs, Frank Hill (Kakukk Hill)

Goethite after Marcasite 2cm	© Szepi

Goethite after Marcasite 3.5cm wide	© Szepi

Goethite after Marcasite
USA
Wisconsin, Columbia Co.

Goethite after Marcasite 3cm wide	© Betts

Goethite after Siderite
USA
Colorado, Park and Teller Cos., Crystal Peak area

Goethite after Siderite 5.5cm wide	© Weinrich

Goethite after Pyrite
Austria
Tyrol, East Tyrol, Tauern valley, Matrei in Osttirol, Nussingkogel Mt.

Goethite after Pyrite 2.9cm	© Christian Bracke

Goethite after Pyrite
Brazil
Minas Gerais, Jequitinhonha valley, Diamantina

Goethite after Pyrite 5.4cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Goethite after Pyrite
Italy
Tuscany, Massa-Carrara Province, Fivizzano, Sassalbo, Ospedalaccio Pass

Goethite after Pyrite 4cm wide	©

Goethite after Pyrite
Mexico
Sonora, Mun. de Alamos, San Antonio

Goethite after Pyrite 11cm wide	© 2003 John H. Betts

Goethite after Pyrite
UK
Wales, Cardiff (South Glamorgan; Glamorgan), Bwlch-y-cwm, Blaengwynlais Quarry

Goethite after Pyrite, coin for scale	© J.Ralph

Goethite after Pyrite
USA
Colorado, Summit Co., Breckenridge District

Goethite after Pyrite 2.8cm wide	© Betts

Goethite after Pyrite
USA
Indiana, Orange Co., Paoli

Goethite after Pyrite to 1cm	© 2006 Peter Cristofono

Goethite after Pyrite
USA
Wisconsin, Columbia Co.

Goethite after Pyrite ~2cm wide

Goethite after Pyrrhotite
Switzerland
Wallis (Valais), Lötschen valley, Blatten

Goethite after Pyrrhotite 3.4cm tall	© Bracke

1.2cm Goethite after Pyrrhotite	© Bracke

Goethite after Quartz
USA
Colorado, Park Co., Lake George, Steven's Ranch, Yucca Hill, R. A. Kosnar claim

Goethite after Quartz 3.3cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Goethite after Siderite
UK
England, Cornwall, St Just District, St Just, Kenidjack Valley, Wheal Drea

Goethite after Siderite FOV 1.7cm	© Peter Haas

Goethite after Siderite
USA
Colorado, El Paso Co., Pikes Peak, Sentinel rock, Mona Mine

Goethite @ Siderite 9.7cm tall	© Edwards Minerals

Goethite after Siderite & Quartz
USA
Colorado, Park Co., Lake George (Badger Flats) Area

Goethite after Siderite with Quartz ~7cm tall	©

Goethite after Siderite
USA
Washington, Okanogan Co., Golden Horn Batholith, Washington Pass

Goethite @ Siderite FOV 2.2mm wide	© Saul Krotki 2004

Goethite after Strengite
Germany
Baden-Württemberg, Black Forest, Wolfach, Oberwolfach, Rankach valley, Clara Mine

Goethite @ Strengite FOV 3mm wide	© Richard Bayerl

Goethite after ?
Namibia
Erongo Region

Goethite after ? 11.5cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Grossular-Hibschite (akhtaragdite) after helvite?
Russia
Eastern-Siberian Region, Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Vilyui River Basin (Vilui River Basin; Wilui River Basin), Akhtaragda River mouth (Achtaragda River mouth)

Grossular/Hibschite @ Helvite 2.3cm	© Weinrich

Grossular after Epidote
USA
Vermont, Lowell & Eden, Orleans & Lamoille Cos., Belvidere Mountain Quarries (Vermont Asbestos Group mine; VAG mine; Ruberoid Asbestos mine; Eden Mills quarries)

Grossular after Epidote 2.4cm tall	© Lavinsky

Grossular @ Epidote 4.3cm	© Lavinsky

Grossular after ? 5cm tall	© 2001 John H. Betts

Grossular after ? 6cm tall	© 2001 John H. Betts

Grossular after Epidote 7.4cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

gummite after bröggerite
Russia
Northern Region, Karelia Republic, Northern Karelia, Chupa pegmatite field

gummite after bröggerite 5cm wide	© Pavel M. Kartashov

gummite @ bröggerite FOV 1.5cm	© Kartashov

gummite @ bröggerite 5.5cm wide	© Pavel M. Kartashov

gummite after Uraninite
Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
Katanga (Shaba), Katanga Copper Crescent, Central area, Shinkolobwe, Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine)

gummite @ Uraninite 7.5cm wide	© O'Neill

close up of left	© O'Neill

Gypsum after fossil
Australia
South Australia, Murray Basin, Morgan

Gypsum after fossil FOV 3.5cm	© Judy Rowe

Gypsum after Glauberite
USA
Arizona, Yavapai Co., Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Verde District, Jerome

Gypsum @ Glauberite ~5cm	© Cristofono

Gypsum after Glauberite 5cm wide	© Martins da Pedra

The Calcite pseudomorphs after Glauberite are much more common than the Gypsum pseudomorphs after Glauberite pictured above. But I don't think you could call them rare.


Gypsum after Halite
USA
California, Santa Barbara Co.

Gypsum @ Halite 4cm wide	© Russell G. Rizzo

Gypsum @ Halite 3.9cm wide	© Russell G. Rizzo

Gypsum after Halite
USA
Oklahoma, Greer Co.

Gypsum after Halite 2.1cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Halite on bottle
Poland
Malopolskie, Bochnia, Bochnia Mine

Halite to 1cm on bottle	© Elek Szełęg

Hausmnnite after Manganite
Germany
Thuringia, Harz Mts, Nordhausen, Ilfeld

© Weinrich

Hausmnnite after Manganite 4.4cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Hausmnnite @ Manganite 3.9cm

Hausmannite @ Manganite 8.3cm wide	© Lavinsky

Close up of left	© Lavinsky

Hedenbergite after Ilvaite
Russia
Far-Eastern Region, Primorskiy Kray, Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche)

Hedenbergite after Ilvaite 8.2cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Hematite after Actinolite
Germany
Saxony, Zwickau, Maxhütte

Hematite @ Actinolite 10.2cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Hematite after Calcite
Germany
North Rhine-Westphalia, Sauerland, Iserlohn

Hematite after Calcite 4.2cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Hematite after Calcite
Germany
Saxony, Erzgebirge, Schwarzenberg District, Langenberg, Graul

Hematite after Calcite 5cm wide	© AÖ

Hematite after Calcite
Germany
Thuringia, Thuringian Forest, Ilmenau

Hematite after Calcite 4.4cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Hematite after Epidote
USA
Washington, King Co., North Bend, Green Mountain, Bessemer Ridge

Hematite after Epidote ~4cm tall	©

Hematite after Magnetite
Argentina
La Rioja, Milagros

Hematite @ Magnetite ~3.6cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Hematite after Magnetite
Argentina
Mendoza, Altiplano de Payún Matru, Payún volcano

Hematite @ Magnetite 7.5cm tall	© Fabre

Hematite after Magnetite 7.9cm tall	© Rob Lavinsky

Hematite @ Magnetite 4cm wide	© 2002 John H. Betts

Hematite @ Magnetite 10.3cm	© Fabre

Hematite after Magnetite 11.7cm wide	© Fabre

These showed up on the market about ten years ago and were greatly appreciated by mineral collectors. Some of the better larger specimens sold for several thousand dollars. Some of the better big specimens measured as much as 20 or more cm in diameter.


Hematite after Magnetite
Norway
Akershus, Nittedal, Bjønndalen quarry

Hematite after Magnetite 1cm wide	© OT. Ljostad

Hematite after Magnetite
USA
Utah, Beaver Co., Beaver Lake Mts, Beaver Lake District, Black Rock Mine

Hematite after Magnetite 6.8cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Hematite after Magnetite
USA
Utah, Iron Co., Iron Springs District (Iron and Granite Mountains & Three Peaks)

Hematite @ Magnetite 5cm	© Dalrymple

Hematite after Magnetite 7cm wide	© Dalrymple

Hematite @ Magnetite 6cm tall	© Weinrich

Hematite after Magnetite
USA
Utah, Millard Co., Twin Peak, Twin Peaks Prospect (Black Crystal; Black Diamond)

Hematite @ Magnetite 4.2cm	© Weinrich

Hematite @ Magnetite 4.9cm wide	© Hardinger

Hematite after Marcasite
Egypt
Matruh Governorate, Farafra Oasis

Hematite after Marcasite 5cm tall	© Bracke

Hematite after Marcasite 5.1cm tall	© Bracke

Hematite @ Marcasite 5.2cm wide	© Bracke

Hematite @ Marcasite 5cm wide	© Bracke

Hematite after Marcasite 4.1cm wide	© Christian Bracke

Hematite @ Marcasite 2.2cm tall	© Luca Toffolo

Hematite after Marcasite 6.5cm wide	© Christian Bracke

Hematite @ Marcasite 7.2cm	© Rob Lavinsky

These specimens are mostly picked up on the surface of the desert with very little digging needed. The are apparently abundant and even the best of them sold for modest prices. Everyone could afford one of these.


Hematite after Pyrite
Argentina
San Luis, Inti Huasi, San Juan Mine

Hematite after Pyrite 3cm wide	© Marcelo O. Olsina

Hematite after fossil shell
Egypt
Matruh Governorate, Farafra Oasis

Hematite after fossil shell 4.6cm	© Christian Bracke

Hematite after Siderite
USA
Colorado, Teller Co., Crystal Peak area

Hematite after Siderite 5.8cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Hematite after Siderite 6.3cm	© 2008 Michael C. Roarke

Hematite after Siderite
USA
Colorado, El Paso Co., Cheyenne District (St. Peters Dome District), St Peters Dome, Eureka Tunnel (1-15 pegmatite)

Hematite after Siderite 5.3cm wide	©

Hematite? after Siderite
USA
Colorado, Park Co., Lake George, Steven's Ranch, Yucca Hill, R. A. Kosnar claim

Hematite? after Siderite 3.2cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Hematite? @ Siderite 4.8cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Hemimorphite after Calcite
USA
Wisconsin, Iowa Co., Upper Mississippi Valley District, Mineral Point

Hemimorphite after Calcite 8.6cm	© Rob Lavinsky

Hemimorphite after Dolomite
USA
Missouri, Newton Co., Tri-State District, Granby Field

Hemimorphite @ Dolomite 9.5cm tall	© Dan Weinrich

Heterosite after Triphylite
USA
New Hampshire, Grafton Co., Groton, Palermo No. 1 Mine (Palermo #1 pegmatite)

Heterosite @ Triphylite 1.5cm	© 2001 John H. Betts

Hingganite-(Yb) after ?
Norway
Telemark, Kragerø, Tangen Feldspar Quarry

A 2cm Hingganite-(Yb) after ?	© Knut Eldjarn

Hinsdalite after Pyromorphite
Australia
Tasmania, Zeehan district, Zeehan, Zeehan Queen mine ("Sylvester-Queen") Pyromorphite lode

Hinsdalite after Pyromorphite 4.3cm wide	© Antonio Borrelli

Hinsdalite@Pyromorphte 2.6cm	© JSS

Hinsdalite to 6mm @ Pyromorphite	© R. Bottrill 2007

Hinsdalite after Pyromorphite
France
Brittany, Finistère, Huelgoat, Poullaba vein

Hinsdalite @ Pyromorphite FOV 8mm	© P L e Roch

Honessite after Millerite
USA
Kentucky, Lincoln Co., Halls Gap

Honessite @ Millerite ~3cm wide	© C. Stefano '09

Honessite after Millerite 6.2cm wide	© Rob Lavinsky

Huntite after Hydromagnesite
Czech Republic
Moravia (Mähren; Maehren), South Moravia Region, Hrubšice, Oslavany, U Pustého Mlýna Quarry

Huntite after Hydromagnesite	© Jakub Jirásek

Huntite after Hydromagnesite	© Jakub Jirásek

Hydrocerussite afer Anglesite
Namibia
Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Tsumeb, Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine)

Hydrocerussite @ Anglesite 8.4cm	© Rob Lavinsky

Hydrocerussite after Cerussite
Namibia
Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Tsumeb

Hydrocerussite @ Cerussite 3.6cm	© Lavinsky

A 6mm Hydrocerussite @ Cerussite	© 2008, JGW

The alteration of the specimen on the left is only skin deep.


Hydrotalcite after Spinel
USA
New York, Orange Co., Town of Warwick, Amity

Hydrotalcite after Spinel ~7cm wide	©

Hydroxylapatite after Gypsum
Mexico
Durango, Mun. de Mapimí, Mapimí, Asterillo Mine

Hydroxylapatite after Gypsum 4.9cm tall	© Weinrich

Close up of left	© Weinrich

Ice after water
Canada
Ontario, Welland Co., Niagara Falls

Ice after water & water ~1Km	© 2009, JGW

Strictly speaking ice after water is not a pseudomorph, because water is not considered to be a mineral, but I thought it might be fun to include them here to start people thinking.


Ice after Water
Sweden
Uppland, Uppsala

Ice after water 1cm	©

Ice after Water ~2cm	©

Ice after Water 1.5 to 3cm	©

Ice after water ~2cm	© Johan Kjellman

Imogolite after pumice
Japan
Honshu Island, Kanto Region, Tochigi Prefecture, Fukaiwa, Kanuma

Imogolite after pumice 0.6cm wide	© 2008, JGW

Iriginite after Umohoite & Calcurmolite
Kazakhstan
Almaty Province (Almaty Oblysy; Almati Oblast'), Chu-Ili Mts, Kyzylsai Mo-U deposit

Iringite @ Umohoite 4cm wide	© Pavel M. Kartashov

Close up of left	© Pavel M. Kartashov

Iriginite @ Umohoite 4.5cm	© Pavel M. Kartashov

Click here to view Pseudomorphs & Replacements A & B. Click here to view Pseudomorphs & Replacements C. Click here to view Pseudomorphs & Replacements J to M. Click here for Pseudomorphs & Replacements N to P. Click here to view Pseudomorphs & Replacements Quartz. Click here to view Pseudomorphs & Replacements R to Z. Click here to view Best Minerals P, click here to view and here for Best Minerals A to Z and here for Fast Navigation of completed Best Minerals articles.

Rock Currier
Crystals not pistols.



Edited 38 time(s). Last edit at 04/20/2013 09:52AM by Rock Currier.

Hi Rock,

Very nice work on the article, however I have a small point of consideration on the Hinsdalite after Pyromorphite
from the (Sylverster, Zeehan Queen mine) mine, Zeehan Tasmania. Hinsdaleite was the historical name given to the pseudomorph mineral after pyromorphite from this mine and so has been the name provided to all white to yellow changed pyromorphite.

After I had posted a photo of Hinsdalite after Pyromorphite on my list, Uwe Kolitsch asked if we could discount plumbogummite. After a bit of discussion between Myself, Uwe and Ralph Bottrill over the validity of the Hinsdaleite and if it was actually plumbogummite.

As a result of the discussion, I provided some small samples for testing. The results showed that the hinsdalite from Zeehan "shows no sulphur, so is probably plumbogumite (both white and green)". We need to ask Ralph to provide more information on the test processes and results. However it is likely that a broader range of specimens require testing to be totally certain but it appears that the Hinsdaleite is actually plumbogummite from this mine at Zeehan.

cheers

Andrew Tuma

Andrew,
Thanks for the update. It will be incorporated into the article when it gets a bit further along. I hope others will also chip in with corrections and advice for making the article better. Right now there is still a lot of work to be done just to get the images showing properly in the articles and the sizes adjusted to make them look pretty. After that we will start to do the corrections and add the descriptive text. I hope that others beside your self will help with this. It is a daunting to contemplate trying to do it all myself.

Rock Currier
Crystals not pistols.

Ta Rock, Not a problem, the article looks like it will be an excellent reference to pseudomorphed mineral.

Andrew

We do really need to analyse a few more specimens and quantify the phosphorus and sulphur contents before we change all the labels (though I can find no published support for any sulphur present in them either, it seems to have been a guess).
Its looking a great introduction to pseudomorphs Rock!

Regards,
Ralph



Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at 12/26/2010 05:52AM by Ralph Bottrill.

There are sure a lot of question marks when it comes to pseudomorphs. I have even included one unknown after an unknown to illustrate the problem.

Rock Currier
Crystals not pistols.

Hi Rock and all,

What a huge task !!!!!!!!
How did you get it in your head to start this ????
Congrats man, it's a real delight.
I would like to thank you for selecting some of my specimens.
There is just a problem with the hematite after ? from Ste Marie.
Sorry to say but that's no pseudomorph. These are all hexagonal iron roses setting together. You can see it good in the big one at the lower right.
The Ste Marie hematite is something special.
The mineral is found in several paralel veins running up through the Brézouard granite.
The special thing is that every vein has his own crystal form. So I suppose that these veins where formed the one after the other otherwise all the structures would be the same, I guess.
The selected pic is the rarest form and is quite scarce in the district. It is locally known as " la mamelonnée ".
To my knowledge and from rumors in the area, there could be around 15 different forms.
In my collection, I have " only " 8 of them.
The Brézouard used to be a very prolific hematite occurence but with the local law, prohibiting collecting, who knows how many other forms could be hiding under the ground. We will probably never know.

I hope this helps. Keep the good work up !

Take care and best regards.

Paul.

Very interesting article. Thanks for all you do. Noted one small problem, both New Mexico dolomite after aragonite point to the same specimen.

Denny

Paul,
Thanks for the heads up about the Ste Marie hematites. I think I will take your comments and probably the image as well and transfer them to the Hematite article. You have only eight examples of the particularly rare form? I didn't think anyone was as big a pig as I was. I am not certain how it got into my head to do an article on pseudomorphs except that I suddenly realized that there had never been anything really comprehensive that had been written about them and that with the tremendous resource of the mindat image gallery, that for the first time it might be possible to do something like this. I knew it was going to be a big job, but I thought, well, I did the one one Quartz USA, or at least the framework, what could be bigger than that. Of course when I got into the Pseudomorph article a little ways, I realized that it was likely to be larger than quartz USA. Well, If I am sucessfull in creating a framework for them, then over time others can come along like you and Dennis with corrections and comments and descriptions for the many pseudos and their localities that I know little or nothing about and help make the project a success.

Dennis,
Ill find out what is going on with the New Mexico dolomite and get it fixed. Right now the article isn't an article, but just a selection of images that I must now slowly and painfully beat into shape and add the captions and make look as pretty as I can. The problem is of course basically that Pseudomorphs are not very pretty and it takes a mother to love them. After this is done, then we can start adding the text and comments about them, but I am not sure that I will get around to adding text and comments before Tucson.

Rock Currier
Crystals not pistols.

Rock, I suspect the German hinsdalite should link to: [www.mindat.org] ?
The existing link goes to pseudomalachite (hard to tell if that one is a pseudomorph or not?)

Some possible additions: gibbsite after crocoite [www.mindat.org]
and gibbsite after dundasite: [www.mindat.org]

A fascinating collection that will keep us thinking for ages!

Regards,
Ralph



Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at 12/27/2010 02:33AM by Ralph Bottrill.

Hi Ralph,

The specimen of Gibbsite you have shown of mine I dont think is a Psudo. The Gibbsite appears to be coating the crocoite crystals not replacing them. The crocoite crystals that have fallen out are in a very good condition.

Andrew t

Hi Rock,

Thank you for the reply.
No, I have 8 of the 15 known forms. A few others can be seen in my gallery.
I still have to photograph quite a few different forms.
I will post the comment and links to the Best of gallery Hematite-from Argentina to Morocco.
In this gallery, a specimen is also labeled hematite after pyrite ? from the Brézouard.
This is no pseudo either. De crystal form is hexagonal and is just another type of another vein. This type is locally known as " la carrée ".

Thanks again.
Take care and best regards.

Paul.

Paul,
Yes, please make all the comments and corrections that you would like. For comments other than outright mistakes or errors, write them up just like you would if you were writing the article. In these cases, I will just take your text and drop it in under the images for a particular locality and put your name at the bottom of the text with the year you submitted it. Would you like to take a crack at writing a Best Minerals article about a particular mineral?

Rock Currier
Crystals not pistols.

Andrew, OK I will have to look for a better example of that replacement, this one appears to be gibbsite after dundasite on crocoite; but sometimes there is very little crocoite left. Steve had a crocoite after cerussite too.

Regards,
Ralph

A rare example of Hemimorphite after Calcite from Leadhills, Scotland. [www.mindat.org].

Steve Rust

Steve, Thanks for bringing the specimen to my attention. How to they know it used to be calcite?

Rock Currier
Crystals not pistols.

Well these specimens have all ways been assumed to be after calcite, for at lest 100 years., if this is actually correct is a another matter.

Steve Rust

Steve,
I know what you mean and there must be many similar examples in the various pseudomorphs I have put in the Best Mineral gallery. However I can't resist asking people such questions in case they may know the facts behind calling them such and such after what ever they were. In most cases they don't. That doesn't mean that I won't put them in the article, but sometimes it helps correct mistakes that have been made and pseudomorphs have more questions about their origins and any other group of minerals I think.

Rock Currier
Crystals not pistols.

Rock, As a pseusomorph afficianado, I especially liked the recent pseudo articles. I note one unusual, and possibly unique, pseudo that seems to be missing, namely the Gypsum pseudo after Tennis Shoe displayed at the Westward Look show in 2008... LOL

Easy Goin'
USA

Not unique, Ed! Rock himself found one of those in the acid wastewater ditch when we went to the San Jose mine in Bolivia. We asked the miners how long it took a lost item to get completely encrusted in gypsum and they said "3 weeks", so then we thought we should dump a load of bras and condoms into the ditch and bring the resulting "pseudos" to Tucson... or other objects; something to offend everyone. But we never did it 8-)