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Mosasaurinae ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	122598	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=122598

Rank

subfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Mosasauridae : Mosasaurinae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Lepidosauromorpha
superorder	Lepidosauria
order	Squamata	Oppel 1811
-	Episquamata	Pyron et al. 2013
-	Toxicofera	Vidal and Hedges 2005
superfamily	Mosasauria
family	Mosasauridae	Gervais 1852
subfamily	Mosasaurinae	Gervais 1853

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Mosasaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Mosasauridae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Mosasaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Mosasauridae	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Mosasaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Mosasauridae	stated without evidence	Thurmond, 1969
Mosasaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Mosasauridae	stated with evidence	Lingham-Soliar, 1995
Mosasaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Mosasauridae	stated without evidence	Nicholls and Meckert, 2002
Mosasaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Natantia	stated with evidence	Bardet et al., 2005
Mosasaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Mosasauridae	stated without evidence	Schulp et al., 2008
Mosasaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Mosasauridae	stated with evidence	Mateus et al., 2012
Mosasaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Mosasauridae	stated without evidence	Karl and Nyhuis, 2012
Mosasaurinae	subfamily	belongs to Mosasauridae	stated with evidence	Bell et al., 2013

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

101 - 94 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

70.6 - 61.6 Ma
Phanerozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Diapsida)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Vision

well-developed (based on Mosasauridae)

Diet

carnivore (based on Mosasauridae)

Reproduction

ovoviviparous (based on Mosasauridae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

G. L. Bell and M. J. Polcyn. 2005. Dallasaurus turneri, a new primitive mosasauroid from the Middle Turonian of Texas and comments on the phylogeny of Mosasauridae (Squamata). Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84(3):177-194

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Globidensini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)	107	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Leiodontini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)
Mosasaurini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)	9	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plotosaurini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)	101	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Clidastes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	30	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dallasaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plesiotylosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1853	Mosasaurinae Gervais
1894	Clidastes liodontus Merriam p. 35 figs. Text-figs. 26, 32-34, 43, 60, 72, 73, 75B, 76B, 98A; Pl. 1, fig. 1
1902	Mosasaurinae Hay p. 464
1902	Clidastes liodontus Hay p. 467
1964	Mosasaurinae Antunes p. 137
1966	Mosasaurinae Kuhn p. 59
1969	Mosasaurinae Thurmond p. 76
1970	Mosasaurinae Russell p. 371
1981	Mosasaurinae Thurmond and Jones p. 153
1995	Mosasaurinae Lingham-Soliar
2002	Mosasaurinae Nicholls and Meckert p. 1593
2005	Mosasaurinae Bardet et al.
2005	Mosasaurinae Bell and Polcyn p. 178
2008	Mosasaurinae Schulp et al. p. 1
2012	Clidastes liodontus Karl and Nyhuis
2012	Clidastes moorevillensis Karl and Nyhuis
2012	Mosasaurinae Karl and Nyhuis
2012	Mosasaurinae Mateus et al.
2013	Mosasaurinae Bell Jr. et al.
2014	Clidastes liodontus Fanti et al.
2014	Clidastes moorevillensis Fanti et al.
1853	Mosasaurinae Gervais
1894	Clidastes liodontus Merriam p. 35 figs. Text-figs. 26, 32-34, 43, 60, 72, 73, 75B, 76B, 98A; Pl. 1, fig. 1
1902	Mosasaurinae Hay p. 464
1902	Clidastes liodontus Hay p. 467
1964	Mosasaurinae Antunes p. 137

Year	Name and Author
1966	Mosasaurinae Kuhn p. 59
1967	Clidastes liodontus Russell p. 127
1969	Mosasaurinae Thurmond p. 76
1970	Mosasaurinae Russell p. 371
1975	Clidastes moorevillensis Shannon
1981	Mosasaurinae Thurmond and Jones p. 153
1995	Mosasaurinae Lingham-Soliar
1997	Clidastes moorevillensis Bell
2002	Mosasaurinae Nicholls and Meckert p. 1593
2004	Mosasaurinae Schulp et al. p. 744
2005	Mosasaurinae Bardet et al.
2005	Mosasaurinae Bell and Polcyn p. 178
2008	Mosasaurinae Schulp et al. p. 1
2009	Mosasaurinae Schulp et al. p. 162
2012	Clidastes liodontus Karl and Nyhuis
2012	Mosasaurinae Karl and Nyhuis
2012	Mosasaurinae Mateus et al.
2013	Mosasaurinae Bell Jr. et al.
2014	Clidastes liodontus Fanti et al.
2014	Clidastes moorevillensis Fanti et al.
2019	Clidastes liodontus Driscoll et al.
2019	Clidastes moorevillensis Driscoll et al.
2019	Mosasaurinae Driscoll et al.
2019	Mosasaurinae Lively p. 524
2020	Mosasaurinae Lively p. 15
2020	Clidastes moorevillensis Strong et al.

References

Bell G. L., Polcyn M. J. (2005) Dallasaurus turneri, a new primitive mosasauroid from the Middle Turonian of Texas and comments on the phylogeny of Mosasauridae (Squamata), Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84 3, 177-194

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Antunes M. T. (1964) O Neocretacio e o Cenozoico do litoral de Angola, Junta de Investigcoes do Ultramar, 1-254

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Thurmond J. T. (1969) Notes on mosasaurs from Texas, The Texas Journal of Science 21 1, 69-80

Russell D. A. (1970) The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabamam: Part VII The Mosasaurs, Fieldiana: Geology Memoirs 3 7, 365-380

Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244

Lingham-Soliar T. (1995) Anatomy and Functional Morphology of the Largest Marine Reptile Known, Mosasaurus hoffmanni (Mosasauridae, Reptilia) from the Upper Cretaceous, Upper Maastrichtian of the Netherlands, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 347 1320, 155-180

Nicholls E. L., Meckert D. (2002) Marine reptiles from the Nanaimo Group (Upper Cretaceous) of Vancouver Island, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39 11, 1591-1603

Bardet N., Pereda Suberbiola X., et al (2005) A new species of Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, and the phylogenetical relationships of the Halisaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauridae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143, 447-472

Schulp A. S., Polcyn M. J., et al (2008) A new species of Prognathodon (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Maastrichtian of Angola, and the affinities of the mosasaur genus Liodon, Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, 1-12

Karl H.-V., Nyhuis C. J. (2012) Ctenochelys stenoporus (Hay, 1905) (Testudines: Toxochelyidae) and Clidastes sp. (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of NW-Germany, Studia Palaeocheloniologica 4, 129-142

Mateus O., Polcyn M. J., et al (2012) Cretaceous amniotes from Angola: dinosaurs, pterosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, turtles, Actas de V Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontologia de Dinosaurios y su Entorno, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos, 71-105

Bell Jr. G. L., Barnes K. R., et al (2013) Late Cretaceous mosasauroids (Reptilia, Squamata) of the Big bend region in Texas, USA, Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103, 1-11

Fanti F., Cau A., et al (2014) A giant mosasaur (Reptilia, Squamata) with an unusually twisted dentition from the Argille Scagliose Complex (late Campanian) of Northern Italy, Cretaceous Research 49, 91-104

Russell D. A. (1967) Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria), Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23, 1-252

Schulp A. S., Jagt J. W. M., et al (2004) New material of the mosasaur Carinodens belgicus from the Upper Cretaceous of the Netherlands, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 3, 744-747

Schulp A. S., Bardet N., et al (2009) A new species of the durophagous mosasaur Carinodens (Squamata, Mosasauridae) and additional material of Carinodens belgicus from the Maastrichtian phosphates of Morocco, Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 88 3, 161-167

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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