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Veneroidei

Photos

Photo Gallery

Veneridae

Columbus County, North Carolina, USA

Mercenaria sp.

Rucks' Pit, Fort Drum, Okeechobee County, Florida, USA

Veneridae

Columbus County, North Carolina, USA

Mercenaria sp.

Rucks' Pit, Fort Drum, Okeechobee County, Florida, USA

Veneridae

Columbus County, North Carolina, USA

Mercenaria sp.

Rucks' Pit, Fort Drum, Okeechobee County, Florida, USA

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	244400	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=244400

Rank

unranked clade (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Heteroconchia
-	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Cardiiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Cardiida	Ferussac 1822
suborder	Cardiidina	Ferussac 1822
-	Veneroidei	(Gray 1854)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated with evidence	Newell, 1965
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated without evidence	Abbott, 1974
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated without evidence	Squires, 1984
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated with evidence	Ward and Blackwelder, 1987
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated without evidence	Squires, 1987
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Bivalvia	stated without evidence	Squires, 1988
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated without evidence	Shoshani et al., 1989
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heteroconchia	stated with evidence	Ward, 1992
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated without evidence	Wingard, 1993
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Bivalvia	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Veneroidei	order	invalid subgroup of Heterodonta	stated without evidence	Giribet and Wheeler, 2002
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated without evidence	Stilwell et al., 2004
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated with evidence	Bieler and Mikkelsen, 2006
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heteroconchia	stated without evidence	Scholz et al., 2008
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Autobranchia	implied	Nevesskaja, 2009
Veneroidei	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2010
Veneroidei	unranked clade	belongs to Cardiidina	stated with evidence	Carter et al., 2011

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

2,572

Extant Size (PBDB)

812 (32%)

First Recorded Appearance

452 - 446 Ma
Late/Upper Ordovician

Motility

facultatively mobile (based on Veneroidei)

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Veneroidei)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Bivalvia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. G. Carter, C. R. Altaba L. C. Anderson, R. Araujo, A. S. Biakov, A. E. Bogan, D. C. Campbell, M. Campbell, J. H. Chen, J. C. W. Cope, G. Delvene, H. H. Dijkstra, Z. J. Fang, R. N. Gardner, V. A. Gavrilova, I. A. Goncharova, P. J. Harries, J. H. Hartman, M. Hautmann, et al. 2011. A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Paleontological Contributions 4:1-47

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Arcticina suborder	listed (PBDB)
Lucinina suborder	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Carditacea superfamily	listed (PBDB)	5	222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Chlamydoconchacea superfamily	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Corbiculoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)	528	201 Ma Early Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Corbuloidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Cyrenoidoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Kellielloidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Leptonoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)	254	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Scrobicularioidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Tridacnoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Acyrena ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Adansonella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Adelodonax ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Adontorhina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Aeora ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	61.6 Ma Paleocene	61.6 Ma Paleocene
Strigilla genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Agelasina ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	11	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Agnomyax ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Aliodonax ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Alleinacin ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Allopagus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ambocardia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Amerycina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Amphichaena genus	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Amphipsammus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ancliffia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Andrusovicardium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Angusticardo ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Anofia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anomalokellia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Aphaea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Aralocardia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Arcopagiopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ardeamya genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Asaphinella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Asaphinoides ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ascitellina genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Astartopis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	15	242 Ma Middle Triassic	232 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Austromacoma genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	13.8 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Austroscintilla ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Bendemacoma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Blagraveia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	56.0 Ma Paleocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Bruetia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Bruniastarte ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Bungoella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Byssomera genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Bythiamena ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cabralista ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Califodesma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Callistalox ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	13	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Capsella genus	listed (PBDB)	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pecchiolia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	36.0 Ma Eocene	36.0 Ma Eocene
Cardiomantea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Carditellopsis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Carditomantea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Carditopsis genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Carinastarte ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	11.6 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Caspimactra ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ceroniola ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cerullia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Chartocardium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Chattonia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	41.3 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Chavanella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Chion genus	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Cicatellia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Cicatrea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Collignonicardia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Compsomyax genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	19	37.2 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Comus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Cooperellopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Corbiculella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Corbiculopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Corburella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Coripia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Cossmannella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	55.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Cretocardia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cryptocoelopis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cterocardia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cuneus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Cyanocyclas genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Cyclomactra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Cyclosunneta genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Cyrenobatissa genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Cyrenopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Cytherocardia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Dacicardium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Daharina ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Decipula genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Devonia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Dietrichia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Disparilia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	52	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ditypodon ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Divarikellia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dobrogimactra ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Donacopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Dosiniopsella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Dosinorbis genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Dozyia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	11	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Eamesiella genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Egerella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Egrona ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eocrassina ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eodonax ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eomeretrix ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	58.7 Ma Paleocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Eoprosodacna ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ergenica ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eriphylopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Erycinopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eucallista genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Fabulina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Farisia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Finlayella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Fischericardium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Frigichione ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Fulcrella genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Fuscocardium ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Geoffbondia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Gilbertharrisella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Glibertia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	5.33 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Glycydonta genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Gomphomarcia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Gonilia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Goodalliopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Goossensia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Grammatodonax genus	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Grotriania ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Grundensia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hemicorbicula ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hemicyclonosta ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Hercodon ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Herouvalia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Heteropis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hiatula genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Hinemoana ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hubeiconcha ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hypanis genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Iacra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Iphigenia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Isocrassina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	40	37.2 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Isotancredia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Gari genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Korobkoviella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Laevicirce genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Lahilleona ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lasaeokellya ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lasaeoneaera ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Laubriereia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	47.8 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Lazariella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Leckhamptonia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lepidocardia genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Leporimetus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Leptesthes ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Leukomoides ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Leuroactis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Liodonax ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Liromissus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Litigiella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Loparia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Loxo ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Loxoglypta genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Lucinaxinus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lucinopsis genus	listed (PBDB)	6	180 Ma Early Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Luniulicardia genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Luxuridacna ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Machaerodonax genus	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Macridiscus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Macrodonax ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Macrosolen ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	17	47.8 Ma Eocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Mactrona ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Mancikellia genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Mancosinodia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	28.4 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Maoricardium genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Matheria ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Megalocardia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	109 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Meisenia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Meretrissa ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Merignacia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Mesochione ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Microcirce genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Microcyprina ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Miocardiella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Miocardiopsis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	22	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	16.0 Ma Miocene
Miorangia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Miricardium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Modiolina ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Mokattamia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Musculiopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Myrsopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Naulia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Nemetia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Neotapes genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Neovenerella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Neovenericor ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Neritra ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Nesobornia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Nicania genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Nidarica ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Nilobia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Nipponomarcia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Nitidittellina genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Irus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Notopaphia genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Novathaca genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Olssonella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Omnivenus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Opimaria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Orbitella genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Osoinia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ospriasolen ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ovicardium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pachyrismella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Palaeomya ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paleomarcia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Panacoma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Paraarctica ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paracorbicula ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paratancredia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parisiella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parvivenus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Passya ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Patagocardia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tridacna genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Petricolirus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Phaxas genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	48.6 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Planikellia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Planitivela genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Pleuroconcha ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plicatiforma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	13.8 Ma Miocene	12.7 Ma Miocene
Plionema ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plurigens genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Pompholigina genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Potamomya ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	12	56.0 Ma Paleocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Potidoma genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Praerangia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pristes genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Prodreissensia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Prosocoelogeton ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Prosocoelus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Protagelus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	27	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Psammobella genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Psammodonax ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Psammoica ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Psammotaena ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pseudarcopagia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Pseudocyrena genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Pseudoirus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Pseudolepton ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Pseudopermorphus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pseudopis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	190 Ma Early Jurassic	190 Ma Early Jurassic
Pseudopleurophorus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pseudosanguinolites ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pterolucina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	56.0 Ma Paleocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Pythina genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Rakhia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Recticardo ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Redicirce genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Resania genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Rhaiphiale ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rhectomyax ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rictocyma genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Rochefortula genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Rochella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rohea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	21.7 Ma Miocene	21.7 Ma Miocene
Rohini ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sarmaticardium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sarmatidonax ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sarmatimactra ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	12.7 Ma Miocene	12.7 Ma Miocene
Scalaricardita ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	16.0 Ma Miocene	13.7 Ma Miocene
Schedotrapezium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Scissulina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Scrobiculabra ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sechurina ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Seendia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Semelina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	14	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Semierycina genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	12	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Septeuilia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Serrula genus	listed (PBDB)	22	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Similivenus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sinodiopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Sinonovacula genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Sinucongeria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Siratoria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Sita ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	47.8 Ma Eocene
Siungiudella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sogamosa ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Spisulona ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stahlia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stearnsia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Stereomactra ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stiphromactra ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Striacallista genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Sublandinia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Subvenericardia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sulcocardia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sunettina genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Taiwancorbicula ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Taiwanobarnea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tancretella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Taurotapes ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tealbya ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tellinidella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Tellinocyclas ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tellinota genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Tellipiura ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tentidonox genus	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Tenuimactra ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	56.0 Ma Paleocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Thetiopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tivellina ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Tortucardia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Trautscholdia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	166 Ma Middle Jurassic	157 Ma Jurassic
Trigonella genus	listed (PBDB)	3	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Trigonocrassatella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tripleura ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Unicardiopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Urbnisia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Vectorbis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Venericardiella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Verchojanogrammysia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Veremolpa genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	12	48.6 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Vermitexta genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Villorita genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Vokesella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Waisiuconcha genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Yabea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Zemyllita genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Zenatiopsis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Zenatraria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Zorrita ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Zoziella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Dreissenoitei unranked clade	listed (PBDB)	551	237 Ma Middle Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Veneroitei unranked clade	listed (PBDB)	18,557	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1854	Veneroida Gray
1965	Veneroida Newell p. 19
1974	Veneroida Abbott p. 457
1980	Veneroida Vokes p. 100
1983	Veneroida Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 91
1984	Veneroida Squires p. 44
1987	Veneroida Squires p. 59
1987	Veneroida Ward and Blackwelder p. 129
1988	Veneroida Squires p. 19
1989	Veneroida Shoshani et al. p. 435
1992	Veneroida Ward p. 78

Year	Name and Author
1993	Veneroida Wingard p. 50
1999	Veneroida Squires p. 25
2000	Veneroida Coan et al. p. 258
2002	Veneroida Sepkoski, Jr.
2004	Veneroida Stilwell et al. p. 21
2006	Veneroida Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 232
2006	Veneroida Rosenberg et al.
2008	Veneroida Scholz et al.
2009	Veneroida Nevesskaja
2010	Venerida Bouchet et al.
2011	Veneroidei Carter et al. p. 16

References

Carter J. G., Altaba C. R., et al (2011) A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca), University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Paleontological Contributions 4, 1-47

Newell N. D. (1965) Classification of the Bivalvia, American Museum Novitates 2206, 1-25

Abbott R. T. (1974) , American Seashells: The marine Mollusca of the Alantic and Pacific coasts of North America, 1-663

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Gliozzi E., Malatesta A. (1983) I molluschi del Paleocene di Baixa Chinhauanine nel bacino del Rio Massintonto (Maputo - Mozambico), Geologica Romana 22, 85-145

Squires R. L. (1984) Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350, 1-76

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Ward L. W., Blackwelder B.W. (1987) Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Mollusca from the James City and Chowan River Formations at Lee Creek Mine, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 61, 113-283

Squires R. L. (1988) Eocene Macropaleontology of Northern Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California, Contributions in Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 398, 1-23

Shoshani J., Fisher D. C., et al (1989) The Shelton Mastodon Site: Multidisciplinary study of a late Pleistocene (Twocreekan) locality in Southeastern Michigan, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27 14, 393-436

Ward L. W. (1992) Molluscan biostratigraphy of the Miocene Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain of North America, Virginia Museum of Natural History 2

Wingard G. L. (1993) A detailed taxonomy of Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary Crassatellidae in the Eastern United States - an example of the nature of extinction at the boundary, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1535

Coan E. V., Scott P. V., et al (2000) Bivalve seashells of western North America, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural history Monographs 2, 1-764

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Stilwell J. D., Zinsmeister W. J., et al (2004) Early Paleocene Mollusks of Antarctica: Systematics, Paleoecology and Paleobiogeographic Significance, Bulletins of American Paleontology 367

Bieler R., Mikkelsen P. M. (2006) Bivalvia - a look at the branches, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 148, 223-235

Rosenberg G., Ponder W., et al (2006) A Biotic Database of Indo-Pacific Marine Mollusks doi:http://data.acnatsci.org/obis

Scholz A., Aberhan M., et al (2008) Early Jurassic bivalves of the Antimonio terrane (Sonora, NW Mexico): Taxonomy, biogeography, and paleogeographic implications, Geological Society of America Special Paper 442, 269-312

Nevesskaja L. A. (2009) Principles of Systematics and the System of Bivalves, Paleontological Journal 43 1, 1-11 doi:10.1134/S0031030109010018

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., et al (2010) Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families, Malacologia 52 2, 1-184 doi:10.4002/040.052.0201

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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