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Arthropoda

Photos

Photo Gallery

Eurypterus sp.

Buffalo, Erie County, New York, USA

Euproops sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Kainops invius

Coal County, Oklahoma, USA

Eurypterus sp.

Buffalo, Erie County, New York, USA

Euproops sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Kainops invius

Coal County, Oklahoma, USA

Eurypterus sp.

Buffalo, Erie County, New York, USA

Euproops sp.

Mazon Creek, Will County, Illinois, USA

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	18891	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=18891

Rank

phylum (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829

Common Name

arthropod

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Arthropoda	phylum	belongs to Metazoa	stated without evidence	Shoshani et al., 1989
Arthropoda	phylum	belongs to Panarthropoda	stated without evidence	Zrzavy et al., 1998
Arthropoda	phylum	belongs to Metazoa	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Arthropoda	phylum	belongs to Ecdysozoa	stated without evidence	Edgecombe et al., 2011
Arthropoda	phylum	belongs to Panarthropoda	stated without evidence	Nielsen, 2012

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

71,493

Extant Size (PBDB)

13,479 (19%)

First Recorded Appearance

635 - 541 Ma
Neoproterozoic

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arthropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Arachnomorpha subphylum	listed (PBDB)	Trilobite-like	119	520 Ma Cambrian	0 Ma Extant
Chelicerata subphylum	listed (PBDB)		4,074	520 Ma Cambrian	0 Ma Extant
Mandibulata subphylum	listed (PBDB)		133,726	541 Ma Cambrian	0 Ma Extant
Proschizoramia superclass	listed (PBDB)		35	520 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Arachnoidea ✝ class	listed (PBDB)
Artiopoda ✝ class	listed (PBDB)	Artiopod	38	520 Ma Cambrian	501 Ma Cambrian
Dinocarida ✝ class	listed (PBDB)		1	513 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Marrelomorpha class	listed (PBDB)
Merostomoidea class	listed (PBDB)		1	478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Myriapoda class	listed (PBDB)		415	433 Ma Silurian	0 Ma Extant
Paratrilobita class	listed (PBDB)		5	635 Ma Neoproterozoic	635 Ma Neoproterozoic
Scorpionida class	listed (PBDB)	Scorpion	6	443 Ma Silurian	0 Ma Extant
Euthycarcinoidea ✝ subclass	listed (PBDB)		6	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Bradoriida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		274	541 Ma Cambrian	41.3 Ma Eocene
Fuxianhuiida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		25	541 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Gigantopleurida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Nektaspida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		139	520 Ma Cambrian	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Orstenocarida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		1	501 Ma Cambrian	501 Ma Cambrian
Radiodonta ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		140	541 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Skaracarida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		2	501 Ma Cambrian	501 Ma Cambrian
Xandarellida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		1	520 Ma Cambrian	520 Ma Cambrian
Guangweicarididae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	516 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Actaeus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Almenia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	520 Ma Cambrian	520 Ma Cambrian
Aristocaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Bostrichopus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Bundenbachiellus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Burgessia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		24	513 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Cambropachycope ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Cindarella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	520 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Clypecaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Corcorania ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Cryptocaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Dalmaniopsis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Dicerocaris ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Dongshanocaris ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	516 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Douglasocaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	468 Ma Middle Ordovician	468 Ma Middle Ordovician
Duslia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Emeiella ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Ercaia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	520 Ma Cambrian	520 Ma Cambrian
Esmeraldacaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		3	485 Ma Cambrian	485 Ma Cambrian
Forfexicaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	513 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Gammarus genus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Gaoqiaioella ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Goticaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Habelia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	513 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Hadranax ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	530 Ma Cambrian	520 Ma Cambrian
Hanburia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		4	513 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Henningsmoenicaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Huangshandongia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Isoxys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		102	530 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Jianfengia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	520 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Jianshanopodia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Jiucunella ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		21	530 Ma Cambrian	520 Ma Cambrian
Kablikia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Kleptothule ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	520 Ma Cambrian	520 Ma Cambrian
Liantuoia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Longquania ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	516 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Marrella ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		29	513 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Martinssonia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	501 Ma Cambrian	501 Ma Cambrian
Megadictyon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	520 Ma Cambrian	520 Ma Cambrian
Meristosomo ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Molaria ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		19	513 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Mollisonia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		7	513 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Motina ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Naptile ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Occacaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Odaraia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		18	520 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Oxyuropoda ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Pagurus genus	listed (PBDB)		42	161 Ma Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Pahvantia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Panlongia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	516 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Parapaleomerus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	520 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Pauloterminus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	530 Ma Cambrian	520 Ma Cambrian
Pectocaris ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	541 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Pisinnocaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	541 Ma Cambrian	541 Ma Cambrian
Platicytes genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Plenocaris ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		16	513 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Priscansermarinus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	513 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Protocarcinus genus	listed (PBDB)		1	170 Ma Middle Jurassic	170 Ma Middle Jurassic
Protocaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		3	530 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Pseudarthron ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Pseudoarctolepis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	513 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Pseudoiulia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	516 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Pygmaclypeatus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Quasicaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Rehbachiella ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	501 Ma Cambrian	501 Ma Cambrian
Retifacies ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		18	520 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Rhombicalvaria ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	520 Ma Cambrian	520 Ma Cambrian
Rhynimonstrum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Schinderhannes ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Schizodiscus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Serracaris ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	516 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Shafferia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Shankouia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	520 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Siberion ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Sinoburius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	520 Ma Cambrian	520 Ma Cambrian
Tanglangia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	520 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Urokodia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	520 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Utahcaris ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	513 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian
Walossekia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	501 Ma Cambrian	501 Ma Cambrian
Xandarella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		15	520 Ma Cambrian	516 Ma Cambrian
Branchiata unranked clade	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Conchostraca unranked clade	listed (PBDB)	Clam Shrimp	71	541 Ma Cambrian	0 Ma Extant
Parvancorinomorpha ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		20	520 Ma Cambrian	513 Ma Cambrian

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Aptera Linnaeus p. 341
1758	Monoculus Linnaeus p. 634
1761	Aptera Linnaeus p. 472
1761	Monoculus Linnaeus p. 497
1762	Monoculus Geoffroy p. 651
1763	Pedestria Scopoli p. 378
1763	Monoculus Scopoli p. 413
1764	Aptera Müller p. 89
1764	Monoculus Müller p. 95
1766	Aptera Schaeffer
1767	Aptera Linnaeus p. 1012
1767	Monoculus Linnaeus p. 1057
1768	Aptera Strøm p. 359
1770	Aptera Drury
1775	Monoculus Fabricius p. 294
1775	Synistata Fabricius p. 294
1775	Agonata Fabricius p. 399
1775	Unogata Fabricius p. 420
1776	Aptera Müller p. 183
1798	Synistata Fabricius p. 197
1829	Arthropoda Latreille

Year	Name and Author
1865	Blattina splendens Göppert p. 276 figs. Pl 64, fig 11
1876	Libellula carbonaria Scudder p. 89 fig. 2
1890	Graeophonus Scudder p. 453
1890	Graeophonus carbonarius Scudder p. 454 figs. Pl 40, figs 2,3,6
1897	Geracus Matthew p. 55
1897	Geracus tubifer Matthew p. 55 fig. 3
1899	Kampecaris obanensis Peach p. 122 figs. Pl 4, fig 2
1901	Kounicia Fric p. 175
1913	Graeophonus carbonarius Petrunkevitch p. 67 figs. Pl 5, figs 27-29; text-figs 29-31
1953	Graeophonus carbonarius Petrunkevitch p. 99
1963	Poliochera pustulatus Laurentiaux-Vieira and Laurentiaux p. 25 figs. Pl 3, fig 3; text-fig 3
1976	Schizoramia Bergström
1989	Arthropoda Shoshani et al. p. 435
1998	Arthropoda Zrzavy et al.
2002	Arthropoda Sepkoski, Jr.
2011	Arthropoda Edgecombe et al. p. 153 figs. Fig. 1
2012	Arthropoda Nielsen p. 240 figs. Fig. 42.1
2013	Graeophonus Dunlop et al. p. 190
2013	Graeophonus carbonarius Dunlop et al. p. 190
2014	Graeophonus Engel and Grimaldi p. 3
2017	Graeophonus Garwood et al. p. 12

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Garwood R. J., Dunlop J. A., et al (2017) The phylogeny of fossil whip spiders, BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 105, 1-14

Engel M. S., Grimaldi D. A. (2014) Whipspiders (Arachnida: Amblypygi) in amber from the early Eocene and mid-Cretaceous, including maternal care, Novitates Paleoentomologicae 9, 1-17

Dunlop J. A., Penney D., et al (2013) A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives, The World Spider Catalog, version 14.0. American Museum of Natural History

Nielsen C. (2012) Animal Evolution : Interrelationships of the Living Phyla, 1-402

Edgecombe G. D., Giribet G., et al (2011) Higher-level metazoan relationships: recent progress and remaining questions, Organisms Diversity & Evolution 11 2, 151-172 doi:10.1007/s13127-011-0044-4

Zrzavy J., Mihulka S., et al (1998) Phylogeny of the Metazoa based on morphological and 18S ribosomal DNA evidence, Cladistics 14, 249-285

Shoshani J., Fisher D. C., et al (1989) The Shelton Mastodon Site: Multidisciplinary study of a late Pleistocene (Twocreekan) locality in Southeastern Michigan, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27 14, 393-436

Laurentiaux-Vieira F., Laurentiaux D. (1963) Sur quelques restes noveaux d'Arachnides du terrain houiller, Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord 83, 23-29

Petrunkevitch A. I. (1953) Paleozoic and Mesozoic Arachnida of Europe, Geological Society of America Memoir 53, 1-122

Petrunkevitch A. I. (1913) A monograph of the terrestrial Palaeozoic Arachnida of North America, Transactions of the Connecticut Acadamy of Arts and Sciences 18, 1-137

Fric A. (1901) Die thierischen Reste der Perucer Schichten, Archiv für die Naturwissenschaftliche Landesdurchforschung von Böhmen 11, 163-180

Peach B. N. On some new myriapods from the Palaeozoic rocks of Scotland, Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh 14, 113-126

Matthew G. F. Description of an extinct Palaeozoic insect, and a review of the fauna with which it occurs, Bulletin of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick 15, 49-60

Scudder S. H. Illustrations of the Carboniferous Arachnida of North America, of the orders Anthracomarti and Pedipalpi, Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 4, 443-456

Scudder S. H. New and interesting insects from the Carboniferous of Cape Breton, The Canadian Naturalist and Quarterly Journal of Science 8, 88-90

Göppert H. R. Die fossile Flora der Permischen Formation, Palaeontographica 12, 1-316

Fabricius J. C. , Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae, 1-572

Müller O. F. , Zoologicae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Indigenarum. Characteres, Nomina et Synonyma Imprimis Popularium, 1-281

Fabricius J. C. , Systema Entomologiae, Sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus, 1-832

Drury D. , Illustrations of Natural History. Wherein are Exhibited Upwards of Two Hundred and Forty Figures of Exotic Insects, According to Their Different Genera; Very Few of Which Have Hitherto Been Figured by any Author, Being Engraved and Coloured from Nature, with the Greatest Accuracy, and Under the Author's Own Inspection, on Fifty Copper-Plates. With a Particular Description of each Insect: Interspersed with Remarks and Reflections on the Nature and Properties of Many of Them 1, 1-130

Strøm H. Beskrivelse over norske insecter. Andet stykke, Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 4, 313-371

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Duodecima 1 2, 533-1327

Müller O. F. , Fauna Insectorum Fridrichsdalina, Sive Methodica Descriptio Insectorum Agri Fridrichsdalensis, cum Characteribus Genericis et Specificis, Nominibus Trivialibus, Locis Natalibus, Iconibus Allegatis, Novisque Pluribus Speciebus Additis, 1-96

Scopoli G. A. , Entomologica Carniolica Exhibens Insecta Carnioliae Indigena et Distributa in Ordines, Genera, Species, Varietates Methodo Linnaeana, 1-421

Geoffroy E. L. , Histoire Abregée des Insectes qui se Trouvent aux Environs de Paris, Tome Second, 1-690

Linnaeus C. , Fauna Svecica: Sistens Animalia Sveciae Regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes, Distributa per Classes & Ordines, Genera & Species, cum Differentiis Specierum, Synonymis Auctorum, Nominibus Incolarum, Locis Natalium, Descriptionibus Insectorum, 1-578

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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