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Paraspiriferina ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	29501	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=29501

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Paraspiriferinidae : Paraspiriferina

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
-	Lophophorata
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Rhynchonellata	Williams et al. 1996
order	Spiriferinida	Ivanova 1972
suborder	Spiriferinidina	Ivanova 1972
superfamily	Pennospiriferinoidea	Dagys 1972
family	Paraspiriferinidae	Cooper and Grant 1976
genus	Paraspiriferina	Reed 1944

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Paraspiriferina	subgenus	belongs to Spiriferina	stated with evidence	Reed, 1944
Paraspiriferina	genus	belongs to Spiriferida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Paraspiriferina	genus	belongs to Paraspiriferinidae	stated without evidence	Shen et al., 2003
Paraspiriferina	genus	belongs to Paraspiriferinidae	stated with evidence	Williams et al., 2006

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

299 - 296 Ma
Paleozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

254 - 252 Ma
Permian

Motility

stationary (based on Spiriferinida)

Vision

blind (based on Rhynchonellata)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Spiriferinida)

Taphonomy

low Mg calcite (based on Brachiopoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

F. R. C. Reed. 1944. Brachiopoda and Mollusca from the Productus limestones of the Salt Range. Palaeontogica Indica, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, New Series 23(2):1-596

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Paraspiriferina amoena ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	4	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Paraspiriferina billingsi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	49	272 Ma Permian	265 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina cellulana ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	11	279 Ma Permian	260 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina convexa ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	269 Ma Permian	269 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina evax ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	10	272 Ma Permian	265 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina formulosa ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	260 Ma Permian	260 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina gentilis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	8	272 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina ghundiensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	14	272 Ma Permian	260 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina laqueata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	12	272 Ma Permian	269 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina multiplicata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	89	269 Ma Permian	254 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina paginata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	9	272 Ma Permian	269 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina pulchra ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	9	272 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina punjabensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	15	260 Ma Permian	260 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina rotundata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	12	272 Ma Permian	269 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina sapinea ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	22	269 Ma Permian	265 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina setulosa ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	4	272 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Paraspiriferina transversa ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1944	Spiriferina (Paraspiriferina) Reed p. 252
2002	Paraspiriferina Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Paraspiriferina Shen et al. p. 87
2006	Paraspiriferina Williams et al. p. 1914

References

Reed F. R. C. (1944) Brachiopoda and Mollusca from the Productus limestones of the Salt Range, Palaeontogica Indica, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, New Series 23 2, 1-596

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Shen S.-Z., Shi G. R., et al (2003) Lopingian (Late Permian) brachiopods from the Qubuerga Formation at the Qubu section in the Mt. Qomolangma region, southern Tibet (Xizang), China, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 268 1-3, 49-101

Williams A., Brunton C. H. C., et al (2006) , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part H, Brachiopoda. Volume 5: Rhynchonelliformea (part) 5, 1689-2320

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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