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Syngnathidae

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	266105	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=266105

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Syngnathiformes : Syngnathidae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
superclass	Actinopterygii
class	Actinopteri
subclass	Neopterygii
-	Teleosteomorpha	Arratia et al. 2004
-	Teleostei
-	Osteoglossocephalai
-	Clupeocephala	Patterson and Rosen 1977
-	Euteleosteomorpha
-	Neoteleostei	Rosen 1973
-	Eurypterygia
-	Ctenosquamata
-	Acanthomorphata
-	Euacanthomorphacea
-	Percomorphaceae
-	Scombrimorpharia
order	Syngnathiformes
suborder	Syngnathoidei
family	Syngnathidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Syngnathidae	family	belongs to Solenichthyes	stated without evidence	David, 1943
Syngnathidae	family	belongs to Syngnathiformes	stated without evidence	Danil'chenko, 1960
Syngnathidae	family	belongs to Lophobranchii	stated without evidence	Jordan, 1963
Syngnathidae	family	belongs to Gasterosteiformes	stated without evidence	Zalohar et al., 2009
Syngnathidae	family	belongs to Syngnathoidei	stated without evidence	Fierstine et al., 2012
Syngnathidae	family	belongs to Syngnathoidei	stated with evidence	Betancur-R et al., 2013
Syngnathidae	family	belongs to Syngnathoidea	stated without evidence	Bannikov, 2014
Syngnathidae	family	belongs to Gasterosteiformes	stated without evidence	Přikryl et al., 2016

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

29 (54%)

First Recorded Appearance

56.0 - 47.8 Ma
Eocene

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Acanthomorphata)

Diet

omnivore (based on Acanthomorphata)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. Betancur-R., R. E. Broughton, and E. O. Wiley, K. Carpenter, J. A. López, C. Li, N. I. Holcroft, D. Arcila, M. Sanciangco, J. C. Cureton, F. Zhang, T. Buser, M. A. Campbell, J. A. Ballesteros, A. Roa-Varon, S. Willis, W. C. Borden, T. Rowley, P. C. Reneau, G. Lu, T. Grande, G. Arratia, G. 2013. The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes. PLOS Currents Tree of Life

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Eogastrophinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		5	33.9 Ma Oligocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Hipposyngnathinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Pshekhagnathinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Syngnathinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Acanthognathus genus	listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Bryx genus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Doryrhamphus genus	listed (PBDB)		2	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Dunckerocampus genus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Hippocampus genus	listed (PBDB)	Sea Horse	6	12.7 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Leptonotus genus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Prosolenostomus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Syngnathus genus	listed (PBDB)	Pipefish	33	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1874	Syngnathus heckeli de Zigno
1887	Syngnathus bolcensis de Zigno
1943	Syngnathidae David p. 84
1960	Syngnathidae Danil'chenko p. 82
1963	Syngnathidae Jordan p. 674
1978	Syngnathidae Pietsch p. 527
2009	Syngnathidae Zalohar et al. p. 80

Year	Name and Author
2012	Syngnathidae Fierstine et al. p. 92
2013	Syngnathidae Betancur-R. et al.
2014	Syngnathidae Bannikov p. 27
2014	Syngnathus bolcensis Bannikov p. 27
2014	Syngnathus heckeli Bannikov p. 27
2016	Syngnathidae P?ikryl et al.

References

Betancur-R. R., Broughton R. E., et al (2013) The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes, PLOS Currents Tree of Life doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288

David L. R. (1943) Miocene Fishes of Southern California, Geological Society of America Special Paper 43, 1-187

Danil'chenko P. G. (1960) Bony fishes of the Maikop deposits of the Caucasus, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 78, 1-247

Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816

Zalohar J., Hitij T., et al (2009) Two new species of seahorses (Syngnathidae, Hippocampus) from the Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) Coprolitic Horizon in Tunjice Hills, Slovenia: the oldest fossil record of seahorses, Annales de Paleontologie 95, 71-96

Fierstine H. L., Huddleston R. W., et al (2012) Catalog of the Neogene bony fishes of California: A ystematic inventory of all published accounts, Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 159, 1-206

Bannikov A. F. (2014) The systematic composition of the Eocene actinopterygian fish fauna from Monte Bolca, northern Italy, as known to date, Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca, XV - Miscellanea paleontologica 12, 23-34

Přikryl T., Kania I., et al (2016) Synopsis of fossil fish fauna from the Hermanowa locality (Rupelian; Central Paratethys; Poland): current state of knowledge, Swiss Journal of Geoscience doi:10.1007/s00015-016-0216-5

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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