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Sphyraena

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	36204	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36204

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Sphyraenidae : Sphyraena

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
superclass	Actinopterygii
class	Actinopteri
subclass	Neopterygii
-	Teleosteomorpha	Arratia et al. 2004
-	Teleostei
-	Osteoglossocephalai
-	Clupeocephala	Patterson and Rosen 1977
-	Euteleosteomorpha
-	Neoteleostei	Rosen 1973
-	Eurypterygia
-	Ctenosquamata
-	Acanthomorphata
-	Euacanthomorphacea
-	Percomorphaceae
-	Carangimorpharia
-	Carangimorphariae
family	Sphyraenidae
genus	Sphyraena	Walbaum 1792

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Sphyraena	genus	belongs to Scomberoidei	stated without evidence	Agassiz, 1835
Sphyraena	genus	belongs to Sphyraenidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Sphyraena	genus	belongs to Perciformes	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Sphyraena	genus	belongs to Sphyraenidae	stated without evidence	Schwarzhans, 2007
Sphyraena	genus	belongs to Sphyraenidae	stated with evidence	Carnevale et al., 2014
Sphyraena	genus	belongs to Sphyraenidae	stated without evidence	Bannikov, 2014

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (25%)

First Recorded Appearance

83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Acanthomorphata)

Diet

omnivore (based on Acanthomorphata)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Sphyraena argentea species	listed (PBDB)	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Sphyraena barracuda species	listed (PBDB)	12	23.0 Ma Miocene	1.80 Ma Pleistocene
Sphyraena bognorensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Sphyraena bolcensis species	listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Sphyraena carinata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sphyraena crassidens ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Sphyraena lugardi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Sphyraena major ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	4	41.3 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Sphyraena novaehollandiae ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Sphyraena pannonica ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Sphyraena substriata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	13.7 Ma Miocene	13.7 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1792	Sphyraena Walbaum
1835	Sphyraena Agassiz p. 42ff
1902	Sphyraena Hay p. 400
1924	Sphyraena Chapman and Cudmore p. 146
1926	Sphyraena White p. 59
1926	Sphyraena de Beaufort p. 133
1938	Sphyraena Weiler p. 24
1966	Sphyraena Casier p. 243
1978	Sphyraena Schultz p. 206
1981	Sphyraena Thurmond and Jones p. 102
1998	Sphyraena Stringer p. 150

Year	Name and Author
1999	Sphyraena Weems p. 64
2001	Sphyraena Purdy et al. p. 179
2002	Sphyraena Sepkoski, Jr.
2007	Sphyraena Schwarzhans p. 338
2012	Sphyraena Fierstine et al. p. 144
2014	Sphyraena Bannikov p. 29
2014	Sphyraena Carnevale et al. p. 44
2017	Sphyraena Szabo et al.
2018	Sphyraena Carnevale and Godfrey p. 190
2019	Sphyraena Ebersole et al. p. 166

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Agassiz L. , Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome IV (livr. 4). Imprimerie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel, 33-52

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Chapman F., Cudmore F. A. (1924) New or little-known fossils in the National Museum, Part XXVII.-Some Cainozoic fish remains, with a revision of the group, Royal Society of Victoria 36 2, 107-162

White E. I. (1926) Eocene fishes from Nigeria, Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Nigeria 10, 1-87

de Beaufort L. F. (1926) On a collection of marine fishes from the Miocene of South Celebes, Geologische Onderzoekingen in den Oostelijken Oost-Indischen Archiepel, 117-148

Weiler W. (1938) Neue Untersuchungen an Mitteloligozänen Fischen Ungarns, Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica 15, 1-31

Casier E. (1966) , Faune ichthyologique du London Clay, 1-510

Schultz O. (1978) Neue und fehlinterpretierte Fischformen aus dem Miozän des Wiener Beckens, Ann. Naturhistor. Mus. Wien 81, 203-219

Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244

Stringer G. L. (1998) Otolith-based fishes form the Bowden Shell Bed (Pliocene) of Jamaica: Systematics and Palaeoecology, Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 35 1-4, 147-160

Weems R. E. (1999) Part 4. Actinopterygian Fishes from the Fisher/Sullivan Site, Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 152, 53-100

Purdy R. W., Schneider V. P., et al (2001) The Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 71-202

Schwarzhans W. (2007) The otoliths from the middle Eocene of Osteroden near Bramsche, north-western Germany, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 244 3, 299-369 doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0244-0299

Fierstine H. L., Huddleston R. W., et al (2012) Catalog of the Neogene bony fishes of California: A ystematic inventory of all published accounts, Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 159, 1-206

Bannikov A. F. (2014) The systematic composition of the Eocene actinopterygian fish fauna from Monte Bolca, northern Italy, as known to date, Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca, XV - Miscellanea paleontologica 12, 23-34

Carnevale G., Bannikov A. F., et al (2014) The Pesciara-Monte Postale Fossil-Lagerstätte: 2. Fishes and other vertebrates, Rendiconti della Società Paleontologica Italiana 4, 37-63

Szabo M., Botfalvai G., et al (2017) Upper Oligocene marine fishes from nearshore deposits of the Central Paratethys (Máriahalom, Hungary), Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments doi:10.1007/s12549-017-0285-0

Carnevale G., Godfrey S. J. (2018) Miocene Bony Fishes of the Calvert, Choptank, St. Marys, and Eastover Formations, Chesapeake Group, Maryland and Virginia, Smithsonian Contribution to Paleobiology, 161-212

Ebersole J. A., Cicimurri D. J., et al (2019) Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, European Journal of Taxonomy 585, 1-274 doi:10.5852/ejt.2019.585

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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