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Xiphiorhynchus ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	36237	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36237

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Istiophoriformes : Xiphiidae : Xiphiorhynchus

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
superclass	Actinopterygii
class	Actinopteri
subclass	Neopterygii
-	Teleosteomorpha	Arratia et al. 2004
-	Teleostei
-	Osteoglossocephalai
-	Clupeocephala	Patterson and Rosen 1977
-	Euteleosteomorpha
-	Neoteleostei	Rosen 1973
-	Eurypterygia
-	Ctenosquamata
-	Acanthomorphata
-	Euacanthomorphacea
-	Percomorphaceae
-	Carangimorpharia
-	Carangimorphariae
order	Istiophoriformes
family	Xiphiidae	Swainson 1839
subfamily	Xiphiorhynchinae	Regan 1909
genus	Xiphiorhynchus	Van Beneden 1871

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Xiphiorhynchus	genus	belongs to Xiphiidae	stated without evidence	Casier, 1966
Xiphiorhynchus	genus	belongs to Xiphiorhynchidae	stated without evidence	Schultz, 1987
Xiphiorhynchus	genus	belongs to Perciformes	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Xiphiorhynchus	genus	belongs to Xiphiorhynchini	stated without evidence	Monsch, 2004
Xiphiorhynchus	genus	belongs to Xiphiorhynchinae	stated without evidence	Fierstine and Starnes, 2005
Xiphiorhynchus	genus	belongs to Xiphiorhynchini	stated without evidence	Monsch et al., 2005
Xiphiorhynchus	genus	belongs to Xiphiorhynchinae	stated without evidence	Fierstine, 2006

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

56.0 - 47.8 Ma
Eocene

Last Recorded Appearance

7.25 - 5.33 Ma
Miocene

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Acanthomorphata)

Diet

omnivore (based on Acanthomorphata)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Xiphiorhynchus aegypticus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Xiphiorhynchus elegans ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Xiphiorhynchus eocaenicus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Xiphiorhynchus homalorhamphus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Xiphiorhynchus hungaricus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Xiphiorhynchus kimblalocki ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Xiphiorhynchus parvus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Xiphiorhynchus priscus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Xiphiorhynchus rotundus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Xiphiorhynchus rupeliensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1871	Xiphiorhynchus Van Beneden
1966	Xiphiorhynchus Casier p. 309
1987	Xiphiorhynchus Schultz p. 146
2002	Xiphiorhynchus Sepkoski, Jr.
2004	Xiphiorhynchus Monsch p. 460
2005	Xiphiorhynchus Fierstine and Starnes p. 281
2005	Xiphiorhynchus Monsch et al. p. 276
2006	Xiphiorhynchus Fierstine p. 440
2007	Xiphiorhynchus Fierstine and Stringer p. 227

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Casier E. (1966) , Faune ichthyologique du London Clay, 1-510

Schultz O. (1987) Taxonomische Neugruppierung der Überfamilie Xiphioidea (Pisces, Osteichthyes), Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie A für Mineralogie und Petrographie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Anthropologie und Prähistorie 89, 95-202

Monsch K. A. (2004) Revision of the scombroid fishes from the Cenozoic of England, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 95, 445-489 doi:10.1017/S0263593300001164

Fierstine H. L., Starnes J. E. (2005) Xiphiorhynchus cf. X. eocaenicus (Woodward, 1901), (Scombroidei: Xiphiidae: Xiphiorhynchinae) from the middle Eocene of Mississippi, the first transatlantic distribution of a species of Xiphiorhynchus, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 2, 280-287

Monsch K. A., Fierstine H. L., et al (2005) Taxonomic revision and stratigraphic provenance of '†Histiophorus rotundus' Woodward 1901 (Teleostei, Perciformes), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 2, 274-279

Fierstine H. L. (2006) Fossil history of billfishes (Xiphioidei), Bulletin of Marine Science 79 3, 433-453

Fierstine H. L., Stringer G. L. (2007) Specimens of the Billfish Xiphiorhynchus Van Beneden, 1871, From the Yazoo Clay Formation (Late Eocene), Louisiana, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 1, 226-231 doi:10.1671/0272-4634

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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