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Pleurodira

Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)37589https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37589
Ranksuborder (PBDB)
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pleurodira
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSÀve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSÀve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
-Testudinata
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderPleurodiraCope 1865
Common Namesideneck turtle
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinatastated with evidenceCope, 1871
Pleurodiraunranked cladebelongs to Testudinatastated without evidenceLydekker, 1889
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinatastated with evidenceZittel, 1890
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinatastated without evidenceBaur, 1893
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Cheloniastated without evidenceWoodward, 1898
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Thecophorastated with evidenceGadow, 1898
Pleurodirasuperfamilybelongs to Thecophorastated without evidenceHay, 1902
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinatastated with evidenceOsborn, 1904
Pleurodirainfraorderbelongs to Thecophorastated without evidenceAndrews, 1906
Pleurodirasuperfamilybelongs to Thecophorastated with evidenceHay, 1908
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinatastated without evidenceJaekel, 1911
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Cheloniastated without evidenceSwinton, 1934
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Thecophorastated without evidenceRoxo, 1937
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinatastated with evidenceKuhn, 1946
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Cheloniastated with evidenceOlson, 1947
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinatastated without evidenceZangerl, 1948
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Cheloniastated without evidenceDelair, 1958
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinesstated with evidenceKuhn, 1966
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to CheloniaimpliedMiller, 1967
Pleurodirainfraorderbelongs to Casichelydiastated without evidenceGaffney, 1975
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinesstated without evidenceWood, 1976
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinatastated without evidenceHaas, 1978
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Cheloniastated without evidenceThurmond and Jones, 1981
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to CheloniaimpliedCarroll, 1988
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Cheloniistated without evidencede la Fuente and Iturralde-Vinent, 2001
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinesstated without evidenceGaffney and Wood, 2002
Pleurodirainfraorderbelongs to Casichelydiastated with evidenceGaffney et al., 2006
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinesstated with evidenceJoyce, 2007
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Panpleurodirastated with evidenceDanilov and Parham, 2008
Pleurodiraunranked cladebelongs to Cheloniastated without evidenceCadena et al., 2012
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Cheloniistated without evidencePĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a and Lapparent de Broin, 2013
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinesstated without evidenceVremir, 2013
Pleurodiraunranked cladebelongs to Panpleurodirastated with evidenceCadena and Joyce, 2015
Pleurodirasuborderbelongs to Testudinesstated with evidencePĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a, 2017
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)415
Extant Size (PBDB)146 (35%)
First Recorded Appearance152 - 145 Ma
Late Jurassic
Environmentfreshwater (based on Pleurodira)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietomnivore (based on Pleurodira)
Reproductionoviparous (based on Pleurodira)
Ecospace Commentslife habit and diet based on Uetz 2005
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)E. D. Cope. 1865. Third contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 17:185-198

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Pelomedusoides
superfamily
listed (PBDB)538152 Ma
Late Jurassic
0 Ma
Extant
Podocnemidoidae
superfamily
listed (PBDB)1083.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
0 Ma
Extant
Amphichelydidae ✝
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Notoemydidae ✝
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Eupleurodira
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
Megapleurodira ✝
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)
Minipleurodira ✝
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)
Panchelidae
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)151140 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
0 Ma
Extant
Panpelomedusoides
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)
Platychelira ✝
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1865Pleurodira Cope
1871Pleurodira Cope p. 236
1875Pleurodira Cope p. 17
1889Pleurodira Lydekker p. 158
1890Pleurodira Zittel p. 449
1893Pleurodira Baur p. 672
1898Pleurodira Gadow p. 21
1898Pleurodira Woodward p. 141
1902Pleurodira Hay p. 436
1904Pleurodira Osborn p. 100
1906Pleurodira Andrews p. 289
1908Pleurodira Hay p. 102
1911Pleurodiri Jaekel p. 185
1934Pleurodira Swinton p. 75
1937Pleurodira Roxo p. 43
1946Pleurodira Kuhn p. 58
1947Pleurodira Olson pp. 44, 45
1948Pleurodira Zangerl p. 25
1954Pleurodira Huene p. 24
1958Pleurodira Delair p. 55
1964Pleurodira Antunes p. 135
1966Pleurodira Kuhn p. 30
1967Pleurodira Miller p. 225
1975Pleurodira Gaffney p. 425
1976Pleurodira Wood p. 2
YearName and Author
1978Pleurodira Haas
1981Pleurodira Thurmond and Jones p. 120
1988Pleurodira Carroll
2001Pleurodira Lapparent de Broin and Molnar
2001Pleurodira de la Fuente and Iturralde-Vinent
2002Pleurodira Gaffney and Wood p. 2
2002Pleurodira de la Fuente and Bona p. 78
2004Pleurodira Hutchison et al. p. 39
2004Pleurodira Joyce et al.
2006Pleurodira Gaffney et al. p. 26
2007Pleurodira Joyce
2008Pleurodira Danilov and Parham
2012Pleurodira Cadena et al. p. 549
2013Pleurodira PĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a and Lapparent de Broin
2013Pleurodira PĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a et al.
2013Pleurodira PĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a et al.
2013Pleurodira Vremir
2013Pleurodira Weems and Knight p. 290
2014Pleurodira Puntener et al.
2014Pleurodira van Dijk et al.
2015Pleurodira Cadena and Joyce
2017Pleurodira PĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a p. 2
2017Pleurodira PĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a and Chapman p. 2
2018Pleurodira PĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a and Ortega
2020Pleurodira de Silva Lacerda et al.

References

Cope E. D. Third contribution to the herpetology of tropical America, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 17, 185-198
Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247
Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109
Lydekker R. , Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History) Part III. The Order Chelonia, 1-239
Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900
Baur G. Notes on the classification of the Cryptodira, American Naturalist 27 319, 672
Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Andrews C. W. (1906) , A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of Fayum, Egypt, 1-324
Hay O. P. (1908) The fossil turtles of North America, Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 75, 1-568
Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht ĂŒber die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252
Swinton W. E. (1934) , A Guide to the Fossil Birds, Reptiles, and Amphibians in the Department of Geology and Paleontology in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 7, xii-87
Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67
Olson E. C. (1947) The Family Diadectidae and its Bearing on the Classification of Reptiles, Fieldiana: Geology 11 1, 1-53
Zangerl R. (1948) The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama. Part II. The Pleurodiran turtles, Fieldiana: Geology Memoirs 3 2, 23-56
Huene F. v. (1954) , Die Saurierwelt und ihre Geschichtlichen ZusammenhÀnge [The World of Reptiles and the History of Their Interrelationships]. 2nd, revised edition, 1-66
Delair J. B. (1958) The Mesozoic reptiles of Dorset. Part one, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 79, 47-72
Antunes M. T. (1964) O Neocretacio e o Cenozoico do litoral de Angola, Junta de Investigcoes do Ultramar, 1-254
Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154
Miller H. W. (1967) Cretaceous vertebrates from Phoebus Landing, North Carolina, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 119, 219-235
Gaffney E. S. (1975) A phylogeny and classification of the higher categories of turtles, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 155 5, 387-436
Wood R. C. (1976) Stupendemys geographicus, the world's largest turtle, Breviora 436, 1-31
Haas G. (1978) A Cretaceous pleurodire turtle from the surroundings of Jerusalem, Israel Journal of Zoology 27 1, 20-33 doi:10.1080/00212210.1978.10688455
Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Lapparent de Broin F., Molnar R. E. (2001) Eocene chelid turtles from Redbank Plains, Southeast Queensland, Geodiversitas 23 1, 41-79
de la Fuente M. S., Iturralde-Vinent M. (2001) A new pleurodiran turtle from the Jagua Formation (Oxfordian) of western Cuba, Journal of Paleontology 75 4, 860-869
Gaffney E. S., Wood R. C. (2002) Bairdemys, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Podocnemididae) from the Miocene of the Caribbean 3359, 1-28
de la Fuente M. S., Bona P. (2002) Una nueva especie del género Hydromedusa Wagler (Pleurodira, Chelidae) del Paleógeno de Patagonia, Ameghiniana 39 1, 77-83
Hutchison J. H., Holroyd P. A., et al (2004) A preliminary report on southeast Asia's oldest Cenozoic turtle fauna from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar, Asiatic Herpetological Research 10, 38-52
Joyce W. G., Parham J. F., et al (2004) Developing a protocol for the conversion of rank-based taxon names to phylogenetically defined clade names, as exemplified by turtles, Journal of Paleontology 78 5, 989-1013
Gaffney E. S., Tong H., et al (2006) Evolution of the side-necked turtles: The families Bothremydidae, Euraxemydidae, and Araripemydidae, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 300, 1-318
Danilov I. G., Parham J. F. (2008) A reassessment of some poorly known turtles from the Middle Jurassic of China, with comments on the antiquity of extant turtles, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 2, 306-318
Cadena E., Bourque J. R., et al (2012) New turtles (Chelonia) from the late Eocene through Late Miocene of the Panama Canal Basin, Journal of Paleontology 86 3, 539-557
PĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a A., Lapparent de Broin F. (2013) A new species of Neochelys (Chelonii, Podocnemididae) from the Ypresian (Early Eocene) of the South of France, Comptes Rendus Palevol 12, 269-277 doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2013.05.011
PĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a A., Murelaga X., et al (2013) Presence of several clades of continental turtles in the Lutetian (Middle Eocene) of the Sobrarbe Formation (Ainsa Basin, South-Central Pyrenees, Northeast Spain), Geologica Belgica 16 4, 311-319
Vremir M. M. (2013) An early Eocene freshwater turtle assemblage from the Simleu Basin (NW Romania): Paleobiogeographic significance, Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis 5, 597-625
Weems R. E., Knight J. L. (2013) A New Species of Bairdemys (Pelomedusoides: Podocnemididae) from the Oligocene (Early Chattian) Chandler Bridge Formation of South Carolina, USA, and Its Paleobiogeographic Implications for the Genus, Morphology and Evolution of Turtles, 289-303
Puntener C., Billon-Bruyat J.-P., et al (2014) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the turtle Tropidemys langii Rutimeyer, 1873, based on new specimens from the Kimmeridgian of the Swiss Jura Mountains, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 2, 353-374
van Dijk P. P., Iverson J. B., et al (2014) Turtles of the World, 7th edition: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution with maps, and conservation status, Chelonian Research Monographs 5, 329-479
Cadena E., Joyce W. G. (2015) A Review of the Fossil Record of Turtles of the Clades Platychelyidae and Dortokidae, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 56 1, 3-20
PĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a A. (2017) A new turtle taxon (Podocnemidoidea, Bothremydidae) reveals the oldest known dispersal event of the crown Pleurodira from Gondwana to Laurasia, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 15 9, 709-731 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2016.1228549
PĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a A., Chapman S. (2017) Identification of Podocnemididae (Pleurodira) in the British record by the first specimen of the coastal Eocenochelus recognized outside Continental Europe, Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 128 5-6, 757-763 doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2017.06.001
PĂ©rez-GarcĂ­a A., Ortega F. (2018) Identification of the French Upper Cretaceous bothremydid turtle Foxemys mechinorum in the Spanish record, Geobios 51 3, 211-217 doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2018.04.002
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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