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Trionychoidea

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	37646	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37646

Rank

superfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychoidea

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
-	Testudinata
order	Testudines	Batsch 1788
suborder	Cryptodira	Cope 1868
superfamily	Trionychoidea	Fitzinger 1826

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Trionychoidea	superfamily	belongs to Testudinata	stated without evidence	Lydekker, 1889
Trionychoidea	suborder	subjective synonym of Trionychia	stated with evidence	Zittel, 1890
Trionychoidea	suborder	belongs to Thecophora	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Trionychoidea	suborder	belongs to Chelonia	stated without evidence	Swinton, 1934
Trionychoidea	suborder	belongs to Thecophora	stated without evidence	Roxo, 1937
Trionychoidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated with evidence	Estes, 1964
Trionychoidea	superfamily	belongs to Eucryptodira	stated without evidence	Gaffney, 1975
Trionychoidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	implied	Carroll, 1988
Trionychoidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated without evidence	Holman and Case, 1988
Trionychoidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated with evidence	Joyce, 2007
Trionychoidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated without evidence	Karl, 2007
Trionychoidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated with evidence	Bourque et al., 2015

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

126

Extant Size (PBDB)

40 (32%)

First Recorded Appearance

164 - 157 Ma
Jurassic

Environment

freshwater (based on Cryptodira)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

omnivore (based on Cryptodira)

Reproduction

oviparous (based on Cryptodira)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Adocidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		352	145 Ma Late Jurassic	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Kinosternoidea family	listed (PBDB)	Mud Turtle	183	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Peltochelyidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	157 Ma Jurassic	129 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Planetochelyidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Basilochelys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	152 Ma Late Jurassic	152 Ma Late Jurassic
Sinaspideretes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	164 Ma Middle Jurassic	164 Ma Middle Jurassic

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1826	Trionychoidea Fitzinger
1889	Trionychoidea Lydekker pp. 3-4
1898	Trionychoidea Gadow p. 21
1934	Trionychoidea Swinton p. 71
1937	Trionychoidea Roxo p. 43
1964	Trionychoidea Estes p. 98
1966	Trionychoidea Kuhn p. 30
1975	Trionychoidea Gaffney p. 428
1988	Trionychoidea Carroll
1988	Trionychoidea Holman and Case p. 328

Year	Name and Author
1993	Trionychoidea de Broin and de la Fuente p. 9
2004	Trionychoidea Joyce et al.
2006	Trionychoidea Karl et al.
2007	Trionychoidea Joyce
2007	Trionychoidea Karl p. 34
2012	Trionychoidea Karl et al.
2013	Trionychoidea Vremir
2014	Trionychoidea van Dijk et al.
2015	Trionychoidea Bourque et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Lydekker R. , Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History) Part III. The Order Chelonia, 1-239

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Swinton W. E. (1934) , A Guide to the Fossil Birds, Reptiles, and Amphibians in the Department of Geology and Paleontology in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 7, xii-87

Estes R. (1964) Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49, 1-187

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Gaffney E. S. (1975) A phylogeny and classification of the higher categories of turtles, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 155 5, 387-436

Holman J. A., Case G. R. (1988) Reptiles from the Eocene Tallahatta Formation of Alabama, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8 3, 328-333

de Broin F., de la Fuente M. (1993) Les tortues fossiles d'Argentine: synthese [The fossil turtles of Argentina: synthesis], Annales de Paléontologie (Invertebrés-Vertebrés) 79 3, 169-232

Joyce W. G., Parham J. F., et al (2004) Developing a protocol for the conversion of rank-based taxon names to phylogenetically defined clade names, as exemplified by turtles, Journal of Paleontology 78 5, 989-1013

Karl H.-V., Groning E., et al (2006) New carettochelyine turtle occurrence from the Oligocene in Germany and its palaeozoogeographic importance, Clausthaler Geowissenschaften 5, 51-57

Karl H.-V. (2007) The fossil reptiles (Reptilia: Chelonii, Crocodylia) from the marine early Oligocene of the Weisselster Basin (Central Germany: Saxonia), Studia Geologica Salamanticensia 43 1, 25-66

Karl H.-V., Milan J., et al (2012) New shell remains of Peltochelys duchastelli (Dollo, 1884) from Western Europe and the rise of trionychids (Testudines: Trionychoidea), Studia Palaeocheloniologica 4, 87-106

Vremir M. M. (2013) An early Eocene freshwater turtle assemblage from the Simleu Basin (NW Romania): Paleobiogeographic significance, Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis 5, 597-625

van Dijk P. P., Iverson J. B., et al (2014) Turtles of the World, 7th edition: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution with maps, and conservation status, Chelonian Research Monographs 5, 329-479

Bourque J. R., Hutchison J. H., et al (2015) A new dermatemydid (Testudines, Kinosternoidea) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Willwood Formation, southeastern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e905481, 1-19 doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.905481

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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