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Chelonioidea

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	37685	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37685

Rank

superfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Chelonioidea

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
-	Testudinata
order	Testudines	Batsch 1788
-	Pancryptodira	Joyce et al. 2004
superfamily	Chelonioidea	Baur 1893

Common Name

sea turtle

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated with evidence	Baur, 1893
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated without evidence	Zangerl, 1960
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Eucryptodira	stated without evidence	Gaffney, 1975
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	implied	Carroll, 1988
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated without evidence	Nicholls, 1988
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated with evidence	de la Fuente et al., 1995
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	implied	Karl, 1996
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Eucryptodira	stated with evidence	Hirayama, 1998
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Polycryptodira	stated without evidence	Hirayama and Hikida, 1998
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated without evidence	Karl and Tichy, 1999
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Testudines	stated with evidence	Kear, 2006
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Polycryptodira	stated without evidence	Karl and Tichy, 2007
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Durocryptodira	stated with evidence	Danilov and Parham, 2008
Chelonioidea	unranked clade	belongs to Panchelonioidea	stated without evidence	Parham and Pyenson, 2010
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated without evidence	Karl and Nyhuis, 2012
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Pancryptodira	stated with evidence	Cadena and Parham, 2015
Chelonioidea	superfamily	belongs to Cryptodira	stated without evidence	Haidr and Acosta Hospitaleche, 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

230

Extant Size (PBDB)

30 (13%)

First Recorded Appearance

166 - 164 Ma
Middle Jurassic

Environment

marine (based on Chelonioidea)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

G. Baur. 1893. Notes on the classification of the Cryptodira. American Naturalist 27(319):672

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cheloniidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		239	140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Dermochelyidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Leatherback	77	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Desmatochelyidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Protostegidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		65	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Toxochelyidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		37	166 Ma Middle Jurassic	38.0 Ma Eocene
Catapleura ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	55.8 Ma Eocene
Cimochelys ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Kimurachelys ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nichollsemys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dermochelyoidae unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		11	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Pandermochelys ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1890	Pliochelys Portis
1890	Progonosaurus Portis p. 25
1893	Chelonioidea Baur p. 673
1909	Chelonioidea Wieland p. 102
1960	Chelonoidea Zangerl p. 285
1966	Chelonioidea Kuhn p. 27
1975	Chelonoidea Gaffney p. 4
1988	Chelonioidea Carroll
1988	Chelonioidea Nicholls p. 185
1995	Chelonioidea de la Fuente et al.
1996	Chelonioidea Karl
1998	Chelonioidea Hirayama
1998	Chelonoidea Hirayama and Hikida p. 70
1999	Chelonioidea Karl and Tichy p. 63

Year	Name and Author
2004	Chelonioidea Joyce et al.
2005	Chelonoidea Parham p. 75
2006	Chelonioidea Kear
2006	Chelonioidea Parmley et al. p. 344
2007	Chelonioidea Karl and Tichy
2008	Chelonioidea Danilov and Parham
2010	Chelonioidea Parham and Pyenson p. 232
2012	Chelonioidea Karl et al.
2012	Chelonioidea Karl et al.
2014	Chelonioidea van Dijk et al.
2015	Chelonioidea Cadena and Parham p. 3
2017	Chelonoidea Haidr and Acosta Hospitaleche p. 2
2018	Chelonioidea Cadena et al.
2018	Chelonioidea Myers et al.

References

Baur G. Notes on the classification of the Cryptodira, American Naturalist 27 319, 672

Portis A. I rettili pliocenici del Valdarno Superiore, 1-32

Wieland G. R. (1909) Revision of the Protostegidae, The American Journal of Science, series 4 27 158, 101-130

Zangerl R. (1960) The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama. Part V. An advanced cheloniid sea turtle, Fieldiana: Geology Memoirs 3 5, 279-312

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Gaffney E. S. (1975) A taxonomic revision of the Jurassic turtles Portlandemys and Plesiochelys, American Museum Novitates 2574, 1-19

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Nicholls E. L. (1988) New material of Toxochelys latiremis Cope, and a revision of the genus Toxochelys (Testudines, Chelonioidea), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8 2, 181-187

de la Fuente M. S., Santillana S. N., et al (1995) An Eocene leatherback turtle (Cryptodira; Dermochelyidae) from Seymour Island, Antarctica, Studia Geologica Salmanticensia 31, 21-34

Karl H.-V. (1996) Einige Bemerkungen über die fossilen Schildkröten (Reptilia, Testudines) des Bundeslandes Salzburg, Österreich [Some remarks on the fossil turtles (Reptilia, Testudines) from the federal country of Salzburg, Austria], Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde 136, 389-426

Hirayama R. (1998) Oldest known sea turtle, Nature 392, 705-708

Hirayama R., Hikida Y. (1998) Mesodermochelys (Testudines; Chelonioidea; Dermochelyidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Nakagawa-cho, Hokkaido, North Japan, Bulletin of the Nakagawa Museum of Natural History 1, 69-76

Karl H.-V., Tichy G. (1999) Zur Taxonomie eines neuen Tribus von Seeschildkröten aus dem Oligozän von Deutschland (Testudines: Chelonioidea), Joannea Geologie und Paläontologie 1, 61-77

Joyce W. G., Parham J. F., et al (2004) Developing a protocol for the conversion of rank-based taxon names to phylogenetically defined clade names, as exemplified by turtles, Journal of Paleontology 78 5, 989-1013

Parham J. F. (2005) A reassessment of the referral of sea turtle skulls to the genus Osteopygis (Late Cretaceous, New Jersey, USA), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 1, 71-77

Kear B. P. (2006) Reassessment of Cratochelone berneyi Longman 1915, a giant sea turtle from the Early Cretaceous of Australia, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 3, 779-783

Parmley D., Hutchison J. H., et al (2006) Diverse turtle fauna from the Late Eocene of Georgia including the oldest records of aquatic testudinoids in southeastern North America, Journal of Herpetology 40 3, 343-350

Karl H.-V., Tichy G. (2007) Maorichelys wiffeni n. gen. n. sp., a new sea turtle from the Eocene of New Zealand (Chelonii:Dermochelyidae), Studia Geologica Salmanticensia 43 1, 11-24

Danilov I. G., Parham J. F. (2008) A reassessment of some poorly known turtles from the Middle Jurassic of China, with comments on the antiquity of extant turtles, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 2, 306-318

Parham J. F., Pyenson N. D. (2010) New sea turtle from the Miocene of Peru and iterative evolution of feeding ecomorphologies since the Cretaceous, Journal of Paleontology 84 2, 231-247

Karl H.-V., Groning E., et al (2012) New materials of the giant sea turtle Allopleuron (Testudines: Chelonioidea) from the marine Late Cretaceous of Central Europe and the Palaeogene of Kazakhstan, Studia Palaeocheloniologica 4, 153-173

Karl H.-V., Nyhuis C. J., et al (2012) The first shell remains of Rhinochelys pulchriceps (Owen, 1851) from the Upper Cretaceous of NW-Germany (Testudines: Protostegidae), Studia Palaeocheloniologica 4, 143-151

van Dijk P. P., Iverson J. B., et al (2014) Turtles of the World, 7th edition: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution with maps, and conservation status, Chelonian Research Monographs 5, 329-479

Cadena E. A., Parham J. F. (2015) Oldest known marine turtle? A new protostegid from the Lower Cretaceous of Colombia, PaleoBios 32 1, 1-42

Haidr N., Acosta Hospitaleche C. (2017) A new penguin cranium from Antarctica and its implications for body size diversity during the Eocene, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 286 2, 229-233 doi:10.1127/njgpa/2017/0698

Cadena E., Abella J., et al (2018) The first Oligocene sea turtle (Pan-Cheloniidae) record of South America, PeerJ 6 e4554, 1-10 doi:10.7717/peerj.4554

Myers T. S., Polcyn M. J., et al (2018) A new durophagous stem cheloniid turtle from the lower Paleocene of Cabinda, Angola, Papers in Palaeontology 4 2, 161-176 doi:10.1002/spp2.1100

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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