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Chrysemys

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	37717	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37717

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Emydidae : Chrysemys

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
-	Testudinata
order	Testudines	Batsch 1788
suborder	Cryptodira	Cope 1868
-	Pantestudinoidea	Joyce et al. 2004
superfamily	Testudinoidea	Gray 1825
-	Panemydidae	Joyce et al. 2004
family	Emydidae	Rafinesque 1815
genus	Chrysemys	Gray 1844

Common Name

painted turtle

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Emydidae	stated with evidence	Cope, 1875
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Testudinidae	stated without evidence	Lydekker, 1889
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Emydinae	stated without evidence	Estes and Tihen, 1964
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Testudinidae	stated without evidence	Wilson, 1967
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Emydinae	stated with evidence	Bickham, 1975
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Emydidae	stated without evidence	Holman and Sullivan, 1981
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Emydinae	stated with evidence	Seidel and Smith, 1986
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Emydidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Emydidae	stated without evidence	Holman et al., 1990
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Deirochelyinae	stated without evidence	Parham et al., 2008
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Testudines	stated without evidence	Anquetin et al., 2009
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Deirochelyinae	stated without evidence	van Dijk et al., 2014
Chrysemys	genus	belongs to Emydidae	stated with evidence	Vlachos, 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (38%)

First Recorded Appearance

33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene

Environment

freshwater (based on Emydidae)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

omnivore (based on Emydidae)

Reproduction

oviparous (based on Emydidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Chrysemys (Pseudemys) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Chrysemys dorsalis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Southern Painted Turtle			0 Ma Extant
Chrysemys lachati ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Chrysemys lavrovi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Chrysemys picta species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Painted Turtle	11	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Chrysemys platymarginata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	4.90 Ma Pliocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Chrysemys timida ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1844	Chrysemys Gray p. 27
1875	Chrysemys Cope p. 53
1889	Chrysemys Lydekker p. 118
1964	Chrysemys Estes and Tihen p. 464
1967	Chrysemys Wilson p. 205
1975	Chrysemys Bickham p. 203
1977	Baicalemys Ivaniev and Khosatzky pp. 157-59
1981	Chrysemys Holman and Sullivan p. 139
1986	Chrysemys Seidel and Smith p. 246
1988	Chrysemys Carroll

Year	Name and Author
1990	Chrysemys Holman et al. p. 524
1992	Chrysemys Hutchison
1996	Chrysemys Frank and Ramus
1996	Chrysemys Hutchison p. 343
2001	Chrysemys Zug p. 213
2008	Chrysemys Parham et al.
2009	Chrysemys Anquetin et al.
2014	Chrysemys van Dijk et al.
2018	Chrysemys Vlachos

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109

Lydekker R. , Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History) Part III. The Order Chelonia, 1-239

Estes R., Tihen J. A. (1964) Lower vertebrates from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska, American Midland Naturalist 72 2, 453-472

Wilson R. L. (1967) The Pleistocene vertebrates of Michigan, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 52, 197-234

Bickham J. W. (1975) A Cytosystematic Study of Turtles in the Genera Clemmys, Mauremys and Sacalia, Herpetologica 31 2, 198-204

Holman J. A., Sullivan R. M. (1981) A small herpetofauna from the type section of the Valentine Formation (Miocene: Barstovian), Cherry County, Nebraska, Journal of Paleontology 55 1, 138-144

Seidel M. E., Smith H. M. (1986) Chrysemys, Pseudemys, Trachemys (Testudines: Emydidae): did Agassiz have it right?, Herpetologica 42 2, 242-248

Holman J. A., Bell G. L., et al (1990) A late Pleistocene herpetofauna from Bell Cave, Alabama, The Herpetological Journal 1 11, 521-529

Hutchison J. H. (1992) Western North American reptile and amphibian record across the Eocene/Oligocene boundary and its climatic implications, D. R. Prothero and W. A. Berggren (eds.), Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution, 451-463

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Hutchison J. H. (1996) Testudines, The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America, 337-353

Zug G. R. (2001) Turtles of the Lee Creek Mine (Pliocene: North Carolina), Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 203-218

Parham J. F., Outerbirdge M. E., et al (2008) Introduced delicacy or native species? A natural origin of Bermudian terrapins supported by fossil and genetic data, Biology Letters 2008 4, 216-219 doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0599

Anquetin J., Barrett P. M., et al (2009) A new stem turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland: new insights into the evolution and palaeoecology of basal turtles, Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276, 879-886 doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1429

van Dijk P. P., Iverson J. B., et al (2014) Turtles of the World, 7th edition: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution with maps, and conservation status, Chelonian Research Monographs 5, 329-479

Vlachos E. (2018) A Review of the Fossil Record of North American Turtles of the Clade Pan-Testudinoidea, Bulletin of the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History 59 1, 3-94

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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