Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Colubroidea

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38123	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38123

Rank

superfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubroidea

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Lepidosauromorpha
superorder	Lepidosauria
order	Squamata	Oppel 1811
suborder	Ophidia
-	Serpentes
infraorder	Alethinophidia	Nopcsa 1923
-	Macrostomata	Ritgen 1828
superfamily	Booidea	Gray 1825
-	Caenophidia	Hoffstetter 1939
superfamily	Colubroidea	Oppel 1811

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Colubroidea	superfamily	belongs to Asinea	stated with evidence	Cope, 1871
Colubroidea	infraorder	belongs to Serpentes	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Colubroidea	superfamily	belongs to Caenophidia	implied	Carroll, 1988
Colubroidea	superfamily	belongs to Caenophidia	stated with evidence	Wilcox et al., 2002
Colubroidea	superfamily	belongs to Caenophidia	stated without evidence	Rage et al., 2008
Colubroidea	superfamily	belongs to Macrostomata	stated without evidence	Longrich et al., 2012
Colubroidea	superfamily	belongs to Alethinophidia	implied	Smith, 2013

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

278

Extant Size (PBDB)

159 (57%)

First Recorded Appearance

83.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Booidea)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Booidea)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. Oppel. 1811. Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien als Prodom einer Naturgeschichte Derselben. Joseph Lindauer, München

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Colubridae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Colubrid Snake	1,446	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Crotalidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Pit Viper	313	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Elapidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		95	55.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Hydrophidae family	listed (PBDB)	Sea Snake			0 Ma Extant
Rhabdosomidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Russellopheidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Headonophis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Procerophis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Renenutet ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Vectophis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1811	Colubroidea Oppel
1871	Colubroidea Cope p. 238
1875	Colubroidea Cope p. 22
1966	Colubroidea Kuhn p. 65
1988	Colubroidea Carroll
2002	Colubroidea Wilcox et al.
2008	Colubroidea Rage et al. p. 394
2012	Colubroidea Fernicola and Albino
2012	Colubroidea Longrich et al.
2013	Colubroidea Smith p. 172

References

Oppel M. , Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien als Prodom einer Naturgeschichte Derselben. Joseph Lindauer, München, xii-86

Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247

Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Wilcox T. P., Zwickl D. J., et al (2002) Phylogenetic relationships of dwarf boas and a comparison of Bayesian and bootstrap measures of phylogenetic support, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25, 361-371

Rage J.-C., Folie A., et al (2008) A diverse snake fauna from the early Eocene of Vastan Lignite Mine, Gujarat, India, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 3, 391-403

Fernicola J. C., Albino A. (2012) Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the Santa Cruz Formation (late Early Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina: paleoenvironmental and paleobiological considerations, Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation, 129-137

Longrich N. R., Bhullar B.-A. S., et al (2012) A transitional snake from the Late Cretaceous period of North America, Nature 488, 205-208 doi:10.1038/nature11227

Smith K. T. (2013) New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America, Zoologischer Anzeiger 252 2, 157-182 doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop Subtaxa Synonymy List References

Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 10, 2024 11:25:28

Go to top of page