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Palaeospinacidae ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	63025	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63025

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Synechodontiformes : Palaeospinacidae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
class	Chondrichthyes	Huxley 1880
subclass	Elasmobranchii	Bonaparte 1838
infraclass	Euselachii
-	Neoselachii	Compagno 1977
order	Synechodontiformes	Duffin and Ward 1993
family	Palaeospinacidae	Regan 1906

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Palaeospinacidae	family	belongs to Neoselachii	stated with evidence	Thies, 1983
Palaeospinacidae	family	belongs to Synechodontiformes	stated with evidence	Duffin and Ward, 1993
Palaeospinacidae	family	belongs to Synechodontiformes	stated without evidence	Siverson, 1997
Palaeospinacidae	family	belongs to Galeomorphii	stated without evidence	Peng et al., 2001
Palaeospinacidae	family	belongs to Synechodontiformes	stated with evidence	Underwood, 2002
Palaeospinacidae	family	belongs to Synechodontiformes	stated without evidence	Delsate et al., 2002
Palaeospinacidae	family	belongs to Synechodontiformes	stated with evidence	Yamagishi, 2004
Palaeospinacidae	family	belongs to Synechodontiformes	stated without evidence	Underwood and Ward, 2004
Palaeospinacidae	family	belongs to Synechodontiformes	stated with evidence	Ivanov, 2005
Palaeospinacidae	family	belongs to Synechodontiformes	stated without evidence	Underwood, 2006
Palaeospinacidae	family	belongs to Synechodontiformes	stated with evidence	Ginter et al., 2010

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

296 - 290 Ma
Permian

Last Recorded Appearance

47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Synechodontiformes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Synechodontiformes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Peng, A. P. Russell, and D. B. Brinkman. 2001. Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide. Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25:1-54

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Macrourogaleus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	151 Ma Late Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Nemacanthus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	31	269 Ma Permian	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Palidiplospinax ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	18	201 Ma Early Jurassic	183 Ma Early Jurassic
Synechodus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	169	296 Ma Permian	47.8 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1843	Thyellina prisca Agassiz p. 378
1872	Palaeospinax Egerton
1872	Palaeospinax priscus Egerton
1889	Palaeospinax Woodward p. 321
1889	Palaeospinax priscus Woodward p. 322
1906	Palaeospinacidae Regan
1963	Palaeospinax Jordan p. 596
1982	Palaeospinax Duffin p. 2
1983	Palaeospinacidae Thies p. 11
1983	Palaeospinax Thies p. 11
1983	Palaeospinax priscus Thies p. 11 figs. pl. 1, figs 1-4
1993	Palaeospinacidae Duffin and Ward p. 58
1995	Palaeospinacidae Delsate and Godefroit p. 28
1997	Palaeospinacidae Johns p. 33

Year	Name and Author
1997	Palaeospinacidae Siverson p. 457
2000	Palaeospinacidae Rees p. 416
2001	Palaeospinacidae Peng et al. p. 11
2002	Palaeospinacidae Delsate et al. p. 12
2002	Palaeospinax Sepkoski, Jr.
2002	Palaeospinacidae Underwood
2003	Palaeospinacidae Kriwet p. 585
2004	Palaeospinacidae Underwood and Ward p. 477
2004	Palaeospinacidae Yamagishi p. 570
2005	Palaeospinacidae Ivanov p. 134
2006	Palaeospinacidae Underwood p. 233
2010	Paleospinacidae Ginter et al. p. 106
2019	Palaeospinacidae Stumpf and Kriwet p. 642

References

Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54

Agassiz L. , Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome III (livr. 15-16). Imprimérie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel, 157-390

Woodward A. S. , Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History) Part 1, 1-613

Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816

Duffin C. J. (1982) A palaeospinacid shark from the Upper Triassic of south-west England, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 74, 1-7

Thies D. (1983) Jurazeitliche Neoselachier aus Deutschland und S-England (Jurassic neoselachians from German and S-England), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 58, 1-116

Duffin C. J., Ward D. J. (1993) The Early Jurassic Palaeospinacid sharks of Lyme Regis, southern England, Belgian Geological Survey, Professional Papers, Elasmobranches et Stratigraphie 264, 53-102

Delsate D., Godefroit P. (1995) Chondrichtyens du Toarcien inferieur d'Aubange (Lorraine belge), Belgian Geological Survey, Professional Paper, Elasmobranches et Stratigraphie 278 1994, 23-43

Johns M. J. (1997) Systematics, in Taxonomy and Biostratigraphy of middle and late Triassic Elasmobranch Ichthyoliths from Northeastern British Columbia, Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 502, 1-238

Siverson M. (1997) Sharks from the mid-Cretaceous Gearle Siltstone, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17 3, 453-465

Rees J. (2000) A new Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) neoselachian shark fauna from southern Sweden, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 45 4, 407-424

Delsate D., Duffin C. J., et al (2002) A new microvertebrate fauna from the Middle Hettangian (Early Jurassic) of Fontenoille (Province of Luxembourg, south Belgium), Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Belgium 48, 3-83

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Underwood C. J. (2002) Sharks, rays and a chimaeroid from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Ringstead, Southern England, Palaeontology 45 2, 297-325

Kriwet J. (2003) Neoselachian remains (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Middle Jurassic of SW Germany and NW Poland, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 4, 583-594

Underwood C. J., Ward D. J. (2004) Neoselachian sharks and rays from the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic), Palaeontology 47 3, 447-501

Yamagishi H. (2004) Elasmobranch remains from the Taho Limestone (Lower-Middle Triassic) of Ehime Prefecture, Southwest Japan, Mesozoic Fishes 3 - Systematics, Paleoenvironments and Biodiversity 3, 565-574

Ivanov A. (2005) Early Permian chondrichthyans of the middle and south Urals, Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 8 2, 127-138

Underwood C. J. (2006) Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Paleobiology 32 2, 215-235

Ginter M., Hampe O., et al (2010) Chondrichthyes, Paleozoic Elasmobranchii: Teeth, Handbook of Paleoichthyology 3D, 1-168

Stumpf S., Kriwet J. (2019) A new Pliensbachian elasmobranch (Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes) assemblage from Europe, and its contribution to the understanding of late Early Jurassic elasmobranch diversity and distributional patterns, PalZ 93, 637-658

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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