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Gnathostomata

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	67344	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67344

Rank

superclass (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Gnathostomata

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874

Common Name

jawed fish

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Gnathostomata	superclass	belongs to Craniota	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Gnathostomata	superclass	belongs to Vertebrata	stated without evidence	Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Gnathostomata	unranked clade	belongs to Vertebrata	stated with evidence	Donoghue and Smith, 2001
Gnathostomata	superclass	belongs to Vertebrata	stated without evidence	Meyer and Zardoya, 2003
Gnathostomata	superclass	belongs to Craniata	stated without evidence	Long, 2011
Gnathostomata	superclass	belongs to Vertebrata	stated with evidence	Richter et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

59,029

Extant Size (PBDB)

12,284 (21%)

First Recorded Appearance

466 - 461 Ma
Middle Ordovician

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Chordata)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Gegenbauer. 1874. Grundriss der Vergleichenden Anatom

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Chondrichthyes class	listed (PBDB)	Cartilaginous Fish	13,793	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	0 Ma Extant
Ichthyes class	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Thelodonti ✝ subclass	listed (PBDB)		54	443 Ma Silurian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Lupopsyroides ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Obtusacanthus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Plectrodus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Qilinyu ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	427 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Chondrichthiomorphi ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)
Osteichthyes unranked clade	listed (PBDB)	Bony Fish	197,813	443 Ma Silurian	0 Ma Extant
Placodermiomorphi ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1874	Gnathostomata Gegenbauer p. 408
1898	Gnathostomata Gadow p. 5
1934	Gnathostomata Säve-Söderbergh p. 17
1999	Gnathostomata Dineley and Metcalf p. 11
2001	Gnathostomata Donoghue and Smith p. 18
2003	Gnathostomata Meyer and Zardoya
2011	Gnathostomata Long p. 241
2017	Gnathostomata Richter et al. p. 110

References

Gegenbauer C. , Grundriss der Vergleichenden Anatom, 1-660

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Säve-Söderbergh G. (1934) Some points of view concerning the evolution of the Vertebrates and the classification of this group, Arkiv för Zoologi 26A 17, 1-20

Dineley D., Metcalf S. (1999) Chapter 1. British fossil fish and amphibian sites, Fossil Fishes of Great Britain, 1-29

Donoghue P. C. J., Smith M. P. (2001) The anatomy of Turinia pagei (Powrie), and the phylogenetic status of the Thelodonti, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 92, 15-37

Meyer A., Zardoya R. (2003) Recent advances in the (molecular) phylogeny of vertebrates, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34, 311-338

Long J. A. (2011) , The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution (Second Edition), 1-287

Richter M., Bosetti E. P., et al (2017) Early Devonian (Late Emsian) shark fin remains (Chondrichthyes) from the Paraná Basin, southern Brazil, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 89 1, 103-118

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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