Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Actinopterygii

Photos

Photo Gallery

Lycoptera davidi

Liaoning, China

Lycoptera davidi

Liaoning, China

Dapalis sp.

Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Lycoptera davidi

Liaoning, China

Dapalis sp.

Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Lycoptera davidi

Liaoning, China

Lycoptera davidi

Liaoning, China

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	67345	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67345

Rank

superclass (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
class	Actinopterygii

Common Name

ray-finned fish

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Actinopterygii	order	belongs to Teleostomi	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Actinopterygii	order	belongs to Teleostomi	stated without evidence	Woodward, 1902
Actinopterygii	order	belongs to Pisces	stated without evidence	Lambe, 1908
Actinopterygii	class	belongs to Teleostomi	stated without evidence	Woodward, 1916
Actinopterygii	class	belongs to Osteichthyes	stated without evidence	Daly, 1973
Actinopterygii	class	belongs to Osteichthyes	stated with evidence	Ahlberg, 1991
Actinopterygii	class	belongs to Osteichthyes	stated without evidence	Cvancara and Hoganson, 1993
Actinopterygii	class	belongs to Teleostomi	stated without evidence	Zalohar et al., 2009
Actinopterygii	class	belongs to Osteichthyes	stated without evidence	Poyato-Ariza, 2010
Actinopterygii	superclass	belongs to Osteichthyes	stated with evidence	Betancur-R et al., 2013
Actinopterygii	class	belongs to Chordata	stated without evidence	Fourriére et al., 2014

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

7,061

Extant Size (PBDB)

2,101 (30%)

First Recorded Appearance

388 - 383 Ma
Devonian

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Actinopterygii)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

A. Meyer and R. Zardoya. 2003. Recent advances in the (molecular) phylogeny of vertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:311-338

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Actinopteri class	listed (PBDB)		12,624	388 Ma Middle Devonian	0 Ma Extant
Cladistia class	listed (PBDB)		58	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Polypteri superorder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Aeduelliformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		5	323 Ma Carboniferous	296 Ma Permian
Asarotiformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		1	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Bobastraniiformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Discordichthyiformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		19	269 Ma Permian	259 Ma Permian
Eurynotoidiformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		34	273 Ma Permian	259 Ma Permian
Isospondyli order	listed (PBDB)		10	166 Ma Middle Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Paramblypteriformes order	listed (PBDB)		12	307 Ma Carboniferous	265 Ma Permian
Tarrasiiformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)		1	345 Ma Carboniferous	345 Ma Carboniferous
Trachichthyiformes ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Aetheospondyli suborder	listed (PBDB)		3	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Protospondyli ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)
Aesopichthyidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	326 Ma Carboniferous	326 Ma Carboniferous
Centrolepidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	199 Ma Early Jurassic	197 Ma Early Jurassic
Aetheretmon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Aethocephalichthys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Akanolepis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ameghinichthys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	151 Ma Late Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Anapterus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Aneurolepis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Apateodus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Atkinsonella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Aulolepis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Australichthys ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Avonichthys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Baoqingichthys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	254 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Beagiascus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	326 Ma Carboniferous	326 Ma Carboniferous
Cheirodopsis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	345 Ma Carboniferous	345 Ma Carboniferous
Cheirothrix ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ctenothrissa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cuneognathus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Dactylopogon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Dinopteryx ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Diplospondichthys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Echidnocephalus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Enchelurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eurypoma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	156 Ma Jurassic	156 Ma Jurassic
Exocoetoides ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Guaymayenia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Gunterichthys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	323 Ma Carboniferous	323 Ma Carboniferous
Halecopsis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		3	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Histiothrissa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Kalops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	339 Ma Carboniferous	339 Ma Carboniferous
Limnomis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lineagruan ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	326 Ma Carboniferous	326 Ma Carboniferous
Mallotus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Meemania ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Mesolepis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Microcoelia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Opistopteryx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pachylebias ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Palaeoniscinotus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Parascopelus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	16.0 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Paratarrasius ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	326 Ma Carboniferous	326 Ma Carboniferous
Plethodus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Prolebias ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pronotacanthus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Protaulopsis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Pseudoberyx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Reticulolepis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	260 Ma Permian	260 Ma Permian
Rhinellus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rhynchorhinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Roslerichthys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Salmo genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Salmon			0 Ma Extant
Sardinioides genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Schizospondylus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Senekichthys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Spinofacia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	323 Ma Carboniferous	323 Ma Carboniferous
Stegotrachelus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Telepholis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Terenolepis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Tetragonopterus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Thryptodus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Wardichthys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1839	Lepidotus trotti Balsamo-Crivelli p. 427
1857	Pholidophorus lepturus Bellotti
1857	Semionotus dubius Bellotti
1857	Lepidotus pectoralis Bellotti p. 420
1857	Semionotus brevis Bellotti p. 422
1857	Pholidophorus rueppelli Bellotti p. 428
1876	Semionotus inornatus Henry p. 417 figs. Pl 2, fig 23
1885	Semionotus mendozaensis Geinitz
1887	Actinopterygii Cope
1890	Palaeoniscoidae Rohon
1895	Ophiopsis lepturus Woodward p. 172
1895	Heterolepidotus pectoralis Woodward p. 312
1895	Allolepidotus rueppelli Woodward p. 315
1898	Actinopterygii Gadow p. 7
1902	Actinopterygii Woodward p. 3
1906	Actinopterygii Andrews p. 313
1908	Actinopterygii Lambe
1910	Ophiopsis lepturus de Alessandri p. 87 figs. Pl 3, fig 4
1910	Ophiopsis lariensis de Alessandri p. 89 figs. Pl 3, figs 5,6
1910	Eugnathus trottii de Alessandri p. 97 figs. Pl 5, fig 3
1910	Heterolepidotus pectoralis de Alessandri p. 100 figs. Pl 5, fig 4; pl 6, fig 1; pl 7, fig 1
1910	Heterolepidotus brevis de Alessandri p. 107 figs. Pl 7, fig 2
1910	Allolepidotus rueppelli de Alessandri p. 118 figs. Pl 8, figs 3,4
1910	Eugnathus trottii de Allessandri p. 97 figs. Pl 5, fig 3
1916	Actinopterygii Woodward p. 23
1944	Gyrolepidoides cuyanus Cabrera
1946	Palaeoniscoidea Dunkle p. 402
1946	Cenechoia paramillensis Rusconi
1946	Eurynotus uspallatensis Rusconi
1946	Pholidophorus dentatus Rusconi
1946	Semionotus unicristatus Rusconi
1947	Cenechoia sulcata Rusconi
1947	Pholidophorus vallejensis Rusconi
1948	Gyrolepidoides multistriatus Rusconi

Year	Name and Author
1950	Semionotus vallejensis Rusconi
1952	Neochallaia leonensis Rusconi
1960	Palaeoniscoidea Gardiner p. 241
1966	Actinopterygii Casier p. 103
1973	Actinopterygii Daly p. 564
1977	Actinopterygii Miles
1978	Actinopterygii Schaeffer and Dalquest p. 8
1981	Actinopterygii Thurmond and Jones p. 80
1987	Actinopterygii Kumar and Loyal p. 68
1988	Actinopterygii Case and Schwimmer p. 297
1991	Actinopterygii Ahlberg p. 280
1993	Actinopterygii Cvancara and Hoganson p. 13
1993	Actinopterygii Domning and Clark p. 413
1995	Ophiopsis lepturus Bürgin p. 818 figs. 12-14
1995	Palaeoniscimorpha Lund et al. pp. 215-220
1997	Actinopterygii Delsate p. 129
1999	Actinopterygii Cartanyá p. 540
1999	Actinopterygii Weems p. 32
2001	Furo trottii Lombardo p. 355 figs. 7-9; pl 2A
2002	Palaeoniscimorpha Poplin and Lund
2003	Actinopterygii Delsate p. 17
2003	Actinopterygii Meyer and Zardoya
2004	Palaeoniscimorpha Prokofiev
2006	Actinopterygii Grande and Hilton p. 5
2007	Actinopterygii Carnevale p. 8
2008	Actinopterygii Long et al.
2009	Palaeonisci Minikh and Minikh p. 144
2009	Actinopterygii Zalohar et al. p. 80
2010	Actinopterygii Poyato-Ariza p. 651
2011	Actinopterygii Long p. 242
2013	Actinopterygii Betancur-R. et al.
2013	Actinopterygii Denton p. 786
2014	Actinopterygii Fourriére et al. p. 380
2018	Actinopterygii Carnevale and Godfrey p. 163

References

Meyer A., Zardoya R. (2003) Recent advances in the (molecular) phylogeny of vertebrates, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34, 311-338

Balsamo-Crivelli G. Descrizione d'un nuovo rettile fossile della famiglia dei Paleosauri, e di due pesci fossili trovati nel calcareo nero, sopra Varenna sul lago di Como, dal nobile sig. Lodovico Trotti, con alcune riflessioni geologiche, Il Politecnico 1, 421-431

Henry M. J. L'Infralias dans la Franche-Comté [The Lower Lias of Franche-Comté], Mémoires de la Société d'Émulation du Doubs, 4e série 10, 287-486

Woodward A. S. , Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History), Part III, 1-544

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Woodward A. S. (1902) The fishes of the English chalk, Palaeontographical Society 56, 1-56

Andrews C. W. (1906) , A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of Fayum, Egypt, 1-324

Lambe L. M. (1908) The Vertebrata of the Oligocene of the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 4, 1-65 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61444

de Alessandri G. (1910) Studii sui pesci Triasici della Lombardia, Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 7 1, 1-145

Woodward A. S. (1916) The fossil fishes of the English Wealden and Purbeck Formations, Palaeontographical Society, London 1915, 1-48

Dunkle D. H. (1946) A new palaeoniscoid fish from the Lower Permian of Texas, Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 36, 402-409

Gardiner B. G. (1960) A revision of certain actinopterygian and coelacanth fishes, chiefly from the Lower Lias, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 4 7, 241-384

Casier E. (1966) , Faune ichthyologique du London Clay, 1-510

Daly E. (1973) A Lower Permian vertebrate fauna from southern Oklahoma, Journal of Paleontology 47 3, 562-589

Miles R. S. (1977) Dipnoan (lungfish) skulls and the relationships of the group: a study based on new species from the Devonian of Australia, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 61, 1-328

Schaeffer B., Dalquest W. W. (1978) A palaeonisciform braincase from the Permian of Texas, with comments on cranial fissures and the posterior myodome, American Museum Novitates 2658, 1-15

Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244

Kumar K., Loyal R. S. (1987) Eocene ichthyofauna from the Subathu Formation, Northwestern Himalaya, India., Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 32, 60-84

Case G. R., Schwimmer D. R. (1988) Late Cretaceous Fish from the Blufftown Formation (Campanian) in Western Georgia, Journal of Paleontology 62 2, 290-301

Ahlberg P. E. (1991) A re-examination of sarcopterygian interrelationships, with special reference to the Porolepiformes, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 103 3, 241-287 doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00905.x

Cvancara A. M., Hoganson J. W. (1993) Vertebrates of the Cannonball Formation (Paleocene) in North and South Dakota, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13 1, 1-23

Domning D. P., Clark J. M. (1993) Jamaican Tertiary marine Vertebratra, Geological Society of America Memoir 182, 413-415

Bürgin T. (1995) Actinopterygian fishes (Osteichthyes; Actinopterygii) from the Kalkschieferzone (uppermost Ladinian) near Meride (Canton Ticino, southern Switzerland), Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 88 3, 803-826

Delsate D. (1997) Actinoptérygiens du Toarcien inférieur du Grand Duché de Luxembourg: Présence de Leptoplepis normandica Nybelin 1962 (Téléostéen) ave otolithes in situ, Travaux scientifiques du Musée d’Histoire Naturelle de Luxembourg 27, 125-129

Cartanyá J. (1999) An overview of the Middle Triassic actinopterygians from Alcover, Mont-ral and El Pinetell (Catalonia, Spain), Mesozoic Fishes 2 - Systematics and the Fossil Record 2, 535-551

Weems R. E. (1999) Part 4. Actinopterygian Fishes from the Fisher/Sullivan Site, Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 152, 53-100

Lombardo C. (2001) Actinopterygians from the Middle Triassic of Northern Italy and Canton Ticino (Switzerland): Anatomical Descriptions and Nomenclatural Problems, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 107 3, 345-369

Poplin C. M., Lund R. (2002) Two Carboniferous fine-eyed palaeoniscoids (Pisces, Actinopterygii) from Bear Gluch (USA), Journal of Paleontology 76 6, 1014-1028

Delsate D. (2003) Une nouvelle faune des poissons et requins Toarciens du sud du Luxembourg (Dudelange) et de L'Allemange (Schömberg), Bulletin de l'Académie Lorrain des Sciences 42, 13-49

Prokofiev A. M. (2004) A remarkable new paleoniscoid fish (Osteichthyes: Actinopterygii) from the Lower Carboniferous of Tuva Republic (Russia), Paleontological Research 8 2, 109-114

Grande L., Hilton E. J. (2006) An exquisitely preserved skeleton representing a primitive sturgeon from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae: n. gen. and sp.), The Paleontological Society Memoir 65, Journal of Paleontology 80 4, suppl., 1-39

Carnevale G. (2007) Fossil fishes from the Serravallian (Middle Miocene) of Torricella Peligna, Italy, Palaeontographia Italica 91, 1-67

Long J. A., Choo B., et al (2008) A new basal actinopterygian fish from the Middle Devonian Aztec\r\nSiltstone of Antarctica, Antarctic Science 20 4, 393-412 doi:10.1017/S0954102008001144

Minikh A. V., Minikh M. G. (2009) Main events in development of the Middle-Upper Permian ichthyofauna of Eastern Europe, Researches on paleontology and biostratigraphy of ancient continental deposits (Memories of Professor Vitalii G. Ochev), 141-157

Zalohar J., Hitij T., et al (2009) Two new species of seahorses (Syngnathidae, Hippocampus) from the Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) Coprolitic Horizon in Tunjice Hills, Slovenia: the oldest fossil record of seahorses, Annales de Paleontologie 95, 71-96

Poyato-Ariza F. (2010) Polazzodus, gen. nov., A New Pycnodont Fish from the Late Cretaceous of Northeastern Italy, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 3, 650-664 doi:10.1080/02724631003762955

Long J. A. (2011) , The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution (Second Edition), 1-287

Betancur-R. R., Broughton R. E., et al (2013) The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes, PLOS Currents Tree of Life doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288

Denton J. S. (2013) Lanternfish (Teleostei, Myctophiformes, Myctophidae) body fossils from the Modelo Formation (Upper Miocene) of Los Angeles County, California, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 4, 786-793 doi:10.1080/039.033.0415

Fourriére M., Reyes-Bonilla H., et al (2014) Fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Eastern Pacific: Checklist, Endemism, and Analysis of Completeness of the Inventory, Pacific Science 68 3, 375-395 doi:10.2984/68.3.7

Carnevale G., Godfrey S. J. (2018) Miocene Bony Fishes of the Calvert, Choptank, St. Marys, and Eastover Formations, Chesapeake Group, Maryland and Virginia, Smithsonian Contribution to Paleobiology, 161-212

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop Subtaxa Synonymy List References

Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 10, 2024 02:07:27

Go to top of page