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Pterygota

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	94228	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=94228

Rank

subclass (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Pterygota

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
-	Cercofilata	Kukalová-Peck 1987
class	Insecta	Linnaeus 1758
-	Dicondylia
-	Paranotalia	Sroka et al. 2014
subclass	Pterygota	Brauer 1885

Common Name

winged insect

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pterygota	subclass	belongs to Insecta	stated with evidence	Carpenter, 1992
Pterygota	subclass	belongs to Insecta	stated without evidence	Vega et al., 2006
Pterygota	subclass	belongs to Dicondylia	stated with evidence	Garrouste et al., 2012
Pterygota	subclass	belongs to Paranotalia	stated with evidence	Sroka et al., 2015

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

44,975

Extant Size (PBDB)

9,354 (21%)

First Recorded Appearance

326 - 318 Ma
Carboniferous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Insecta)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arthropoda)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Insecta)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

F. Brauer. 1885. Systematisch-zoologische Studien. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 91:237-413

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Hydropalaeoptera infraclass	listed (PBDB)	2,432	323 Ma Carboniferous	0 Ma Extant
Cimicidea superorder	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Ephemeridea superorder	listed (PBDB)
Reculoidea ✝ order	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	460	318 Ma Carboniferous	152 Ma Late Jurassic
Hebeigrammidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Montanuraliidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	279 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Permoneuridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	290 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Personidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)	1	279 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Tshekarcephalidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	279 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Tshekarchiereidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	279 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Aedoeophasma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Archaeoptilites ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Archaeoptilus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Breyeriodes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Campteroneura ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Dyadentomum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Eokuloja ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eurytaenia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Frankenholzia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Gerephemera ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Hypermegethes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	315 Ma Carboniferous	307 Ma Carboniferous
Kuloja ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	272 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Leipsanon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Lithentomum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Litoneura ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Mantes genus	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Megathentomum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Merlebachia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Orthogonophora ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Palaeodictyopteron ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Palaeopalara ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Parapaolia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Perissophlebia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Progonopteryx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Pseudohomothetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Pseudopalingenia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Pseudopaolia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Pteronepionites ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Rectineura ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Severinula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Sherborniella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Sypharoptera ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Titanoptera ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Tshekardaenigma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	279 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Vischeria ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	2	279 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Wulasua ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Xenoneura ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Eupalaeoptera unranked clade	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Metapterygota unranked clade	listed (PBDB)
Neopterygota unranked clade	listed (PBDB)	43,583	326 Ma Carboniferous	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1766	Gymnoptera Schaeffer
1837	Alydus pristinus Germar figs. Pl 18
1885	Pterygogenea Brauer p. 290
1885	Xenoneuridae Scudder
1906	Pterygogenea Handlirsch p. 61
1906	Hypermegethidae Handlirsch p. 81
1906	Archaeoptilidae Handlirsch p. 118
1906	Hypermegethidae Handlirsch p. 672
1906	Doter minor Sellards
1907	Doter Sellards p. 355
1907	Doter minor Sellards p. 355 fig. 13
1911	Sypharopteridae Handlirsch
1919	Doteridae Handlirsch
1919	Hypermegethidae Handlirsch p. 523
1919	Doter Handlirsch p. 532
1919	Doter minor Handlirsch p. 532 fig. 24
1919	Doteridae Handlirsch p. 532
1919	Sypharopteridae Handlirsch p. 564
1922	Hypermegethidae Handlirsch p. 34
1922	Doter Handlirsch p. 49
1922	Doter minor Handlirsch p. 49
1922	Doteridae Handlirsch p. 49

Year	Name and Author
1922	Archaeoptilidae Handlirsch p. 51
1922	Xenoneuridae Handlirsch p. 51
1923	Palaeoptera Martynov
1928	Palaeoptera Martynov p. 4
1928	Kulojidae Martynov p. 7
1930	Kulojidae Martynov p. 84
1932	Kulojidae Martynov
1936	Doter Tillyard p. 440
1936	Doteridae Tillyard p. 440
1936	Doter minor Tillyard p. 443 fig. 1
1954	Doteridae Demoulin p. 334
1962	Frankenholziidae Guthörl p. 227
1967	Sypharopteridae Carpenter p. 79
1992	Palaeoptera Carpenter
1992	Pterygota Carpenter
2005	Pterygota Bechly p. 2
2006	Pterygota Vega et al. p. 327
2007	Palaeoptera Bechly
2012	Pterygota Garrouste et al. p. 82
2014	Palaeoptera Misof et al.
2014	Pterygota Misof et al.
2015	Pterygota Sroka et al. p. 979

References

Brauer F. Systematisch-zoologische Studien, Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 91, 237-413

Germar E. F. Insectorum protogaeae specimen sistens insecta carbonum fossilium, Fauna Insectorum Europae 19

Scudder S. H. 4. Classe Insecta. Insecten, Handbuch der Palaeontologie, I Abtheilung. Palaeozoologie 2, 747-831

Handlirsch A. (1906) Die Fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der Rezenten Formen, parts I-IV, Ein Handbuch fur Palaontologen und Zoologen, 1-640

Handlirsch A. (1906) Revision of American Paleozoic insects, Proceedings of the United States National Museum 29 1441, 661-820

Sellards E. H. (1907) Types of Permian insects, Part II - Plectoptera, American Journal of Science, Series 4 23 137, 345-355

Handlirsch A. (1911) New Paleozoic insects from the vicinity of Mazon Creek, Illinois, American Journal of Science, Series 4 31, 353-377

Handlirsch A. (1919) Revision der Paläozoischen Insekten, Denkschriften der Akademie Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 96, 511-592

Handlirsch A. (1922) Insecta Palaeozoica, Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia 16, 1-230

Martynov A. V. (1928) Permian fossil Insects of North-East Europe, Travaux du Musée Géologique prés l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS 4, 1-118

Martynov A. V. (1930) New Permian Insects from Tikhie Gory, Kazan Province I. Palaeoptera, Trudy Geologicheskogo Muzeya, Akademii Nauk SSSR 6, 69-86

Martynov A. V. (1932) New Permian Palaeoptera with the discussion of some problems of their evolution, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 1, 1-44

Tillyard R. J. (1936) Kansas Permian Insects, Part 16. The Order Plectoptera (cont'd): The Family Doteridae, with a Note on the Affinities of the Order Protohymenoptera, American Journal of Science, Series 5 32 192, 435-453 doi:10.2475/ajs.s5-32.192.435

Guthörl P. (1962) Zur Arthropoden-Fauna des Karbons und Perms 16. Frankenholzia culmanni n. g. n. sp. (Ins., Palaeodict.) aus dem Westfal D der Grube Frankenholz-Saar, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 36, 226-231

Carpenter F. M. (1967) Studies of North American Carboniferous Insects: 5. Paleodictyoptera and Megasecoptera from Illinois and Tennessee, with a Discussion of the Order Sypharopteroidea, Psyche 74, 58-83

Carpenter F. M. (1992) , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4, 1-655

Bechly G. (2005) A new fossil dragonfly (Anisoptera: Corduliidae) from the Paleocene Fur Formation (Mo clay) of Denmark, Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 358, 1-7

Vega F. J., García-Barrera P., et al (2006) El Espinal, a new plattenkalk facies locality from the Lower Cretaceous Sierra Madre Formation, Chiapas, southeastern Mexico, Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 23 3, 323-333

Bechly G. (2007) , Phylogenetic Systematics of Odonata

Garrouste R., Clemente G., et al (2012) A complete insect from the Late Devonian period, Nature 488, 82-85

Misof B., Liu S. L., et al (2014) Phylogenomics resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution, Science 346, 763-767

Sroka P., Staniczek A. H., et al (2015) Revision of the giant pterygote insect Bojophlebia prokopi Kukalova-Peck, 1985 (Hydropalaeoptera: Bojophlebiidae) from the Carboniferous of the Czech Republic, with the first cladistic analysis of fossil palaeopterous insects, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13, 963-982

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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