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Escharoides

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	1005680	https://www.gbif.org/species/1005680
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	25907	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=25907

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Exochellidae : Escharoides

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Romancheinidae : Escharoides

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
-	Polyzoa
phylum	Bryozoa	Ehrenberg 1831
class	Gymnolaemata	Allman 1856
order	Cheilostomata	Busk 1859
suborder	Neocheilostomina	d'Hondt 1985
infraorder	Ascophorina
-	Umbonulomorpha	Gordon 1989
superfamily	Lepralielloidea	Vigneaux 1949
family	Romancheinidae	Jullien 1888
genus	Escharoides	Milne-Edwards 1836

Scientific Name

Escharoides Milne-Edwards, 1836

Name Published In

Milne Edwards, H. (1836). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans ventèbres: Polypes. 10.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Escharoides	genus	belongs to Exochellinae	stated without evidence	Canu and Bassler, 1935
Escharoides	genus	belongs to Exochellidae	stated without evidence	Brown, 1952
Escharoides	genus	belongs to Romancheinidae	stated without evidence	Lee et al., 1997
Escharoides	genus	belongs to Exochellidae	stated without evidence	Pouyet, 2000
Escharoides	genus	belongs to Cheilostomata	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Escharoides	genus	belongs to Romancheinidae	stated without evidence	Schmidt, 2003
Escharoides	genus	belongs to Exochellidae	stated with evidence	Bock, 2006
Escharoides	genus	belongs to Romancheinidae	stated with evidence	Berning, 2006
Escharoides	genus	belongs to Romancheinidae	stated without evidence	Guha and Gopikrishna, 2007

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

4 (31%)

First Recorded Appearance

83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Motility

stationary, attached (based on Cheilostomata)

Vision

blind (based on Gymnolaemata)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Cheilostomata)

Reproduction

oviparous, brooding (based on Cheilostomata)

Taphonomy

intermediate Mg calcite, aragonite (based on Romancheinidae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cellepora megalota species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides adeonelloides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides angela species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Escharoides barica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides bidenkapi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides biseriatata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides bishopi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides bubeccata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides centrota species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides coccinea species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Escharoides contorta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides costifer species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides crassa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	59.2 Ma Paleocene	59.2 Ma Paleocene
Escharoides cuneiformis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	48.6 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Escharoides custodis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides distincta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides duplicata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		7	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Escharoides erecta ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	33.9 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Escharoides excavata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Escharoides falcifera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides immersoecetata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides jacksonii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides longirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides longirotris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides mamillata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides martae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides megalota ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		8	16.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Escharoides megarostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides molinai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides monstruosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides multispinosa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	48.6 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Escharoides osburni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Escharoides praestita species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides quincuncialis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides ramulosum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides rugata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides sauroglossa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides suggestus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	34.3 Ma Eocene	34.3 Ma Eocene
Escharoides torquata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides tridens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Escharoides verticalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mucronella duplicata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Peristomella Levinsen, 1902	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Exochellidae : *Peristomella*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1836	Escharoides Milne Edwards
1935	Escharoides Canu and Bassler
1952	Escharoides Brown
1956	Escharoides Brown
1958	Escharoides Brown
1997	Escharoides Lee et al.
1999	Escharoides Gordon and Taylor

Year	Name and Author
2000	Escharoides Pouyet
2002	Escharoides Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Escharoides Schmidt
2006	Escharoides Berning p. 68
2006	Escharoides Bock
2007	Escharoides Guha and Gopikrishna
2013	Escharoides Guha

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Canu F., Bassler R. S. (1935) New species of Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa from Victoria, Australia, Smithsonian miscellaneous collections 93 9, 1-54

Brown D. A. (1952) The Tertiary Cheilostomatous Polyzoa of New Zealand, 1-405

Brown D. A. (1956) Some Pliocene Polyzoa from South Australia, Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9 104, 593-611 doi:10.1080/00222935608655864

Brown D. A. (1958) Fossil cheilostomatous polyzoa from south-west Victoria, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Victoria 20

Lee D. E., Scholz J., et al (1997) Paleoecology of a Late Eocene Mobile Rockground Biota from North Otago, New Zealand, Palaios 12 6, 568-581 doi:10.2307/3515412

Gordon D. P., Taylor P. D. (1999) Latest Paleocene to earliest Eocene bryozoans from Chatham Island, New Zealand, Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of London: Geology Series 55 1, 1-45

Pouyet S. (2000) Les bryozoaires cheilostomes du Néogène bétique (SE Espagne), Revista Española de Paleontología 15 2, 181-202

Schmidt R. (2003) Eocene bryozoa of the St. Vincent Basin, south Australia – taxonomy, biogeography and palaeoenvironments, 1-343

Berning B. (2006) The cheilostome bryozoan fauna from the Late Miocene of Niebla (Guadalquivir Basin, SW Spain): environmental and biogeographic implications, Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg 90, 7-156

Bock P. (2006) http://bryozoa.net

Guha A. K., Gopikrishna K. (2007) Some fossil ascophoran bryozoan taxa from Tertiary sequences of western Kachchh, Gujarat, Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 52 2, 195-222

Guha A. K. (2013) Tertiary bryozoa from Western Kachchh, Gujarat - A Review, Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 58 1, 3-15

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus (authority adjusted) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Clarke, A.; Johnston, N.M. (2003). Antarctic marine benthic diversity. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review. 41: 47-114. - via World Register of Marine Species

Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

SN2000/Ryland, 1982 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Milne Edwards, H. (1836). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans ventèbres: Polypes. 10. - via World Register of Marine Species

in Lamarck, An. s. Vert., ed. 2, 2, 218 [259]. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Bryozoan homepage - via World Register of Marine Species

Hayward, P.J. (2001). Bryozoa, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 325-333 - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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