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Uropygi

Description

Thelyphonida is an arachnid order comprising invertebrates commonly known as whip scorpions or vinegaroons (also spelled vinegarroons and vinegarones). They are often called uropygids in the scientific community based on an alternative name for the order, Uropygi (which may then also include the order Schizomida). The name "whip scorpion" refers to their resemblance to true scorpions and possession of a whiplike tail. "Vinegaroon" is based on their ability when attacked to discharge an offensive liquid which contains acetic acid, producing a vinegar-like smell.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)1498https://www.gbif.org/species/1498
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)272176https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=272176
Rankorder
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Uropygi
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-Bilateria
-EubilateriaAx 1987
-ProtostomiaGrobben 1908
-Ecdysozoa
-Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
subphylumChelicerataHeymons 1901
-EuchelicerataWeygoldt and Paulus 1979
-ProsomapodaLamsdell 2013
classXiphosura
orderXiphosuridaLatreille 1802
-PlanatergaLamsdell 2013
-DekatriataLamsdell 2013
-SclerophorataKamenz et al. 2011
classArachnidaLamarck 1801
-PantetrapulmonataShultz 2007
subclassTetrapulmonataSchultz 1990
-SchizotarsataShultz 2007
-PedipalpiBorner 1904
orderThelyphonidaLatreille 1804
orderUropygiThorell 1882
Common Namewhip scorpion
Scientific NameUropygi
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Uropygiorderbelongs to Pedipalpistated with evidenceShultz, 2007
Uropygiordersubjective synonym of Thelyphonidastated with evidenceSelden et al., 2016
Uropygiorderbelongs to Thelyphonidastated with evidenceClouse et al., 2017
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)15
Extant Size (PBDB)4 (27%)
First Recorded Appearance318 - 315 Ma
Carboniferous
Environmentterrestrial (based on Arachnida)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Arachnida)
Visionlimited (based on Xiphosurida)
Dietcarnivore (based on Xiphosura)
Taphonomychitin (based on Arachnida)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. A. Dunlop, D. Penney, and D. Jekel. 2013. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In N. Platnick (ed.), The World Spider Catalog, version 14.0. American Museum of Natural History
Common Name(s) Uropygids, Whip-scorpions, Escorpião Vinagre, Whip Scorpion, Vinegaroons, Whip Scorpions
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropygi

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Thelyphonidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
5122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
0 Ma
Extant
Geralinura
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
8318 Ma
Carboniferous
311 Ma
Carboniferous
Proschizomus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2315 Ma
Carboniferous
315 Ma
Carboniferous
Prothelyphonus
genus
listed (PBDB)5315 Ma
Carboniferous
315 Ma
Carboniferous

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1882Uropygi Thorell
2007Uropygi Shultz
2017Uropygi Clouse et al.

References

Dunlop J. A., Penney D., et al (2013) A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives, The World Spider Catalog, version 14.0. American Museum of Natural History
Shultz J. W. (2007) A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150, 221-265
Clouse R. M., Branstetter M. G., et al (2017) First global molecular phylogeny and biogeographical analysis of two arachnid orders (Schizomida and Uropygi) supports a tropical Pangean origin and mid-Cretaceous diversification, Journal of Biogeography 44, 2660-2672
Harvey, Mark S., 2003: null. Catalogue of the Smaller Arachnid Orders of the World: Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Palpigradi, Ricinulei and Solifugae. xi + 400. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Harvey, Mark S., 2002: The neglected cousins: what do we know about the smaller arachnid orders?. The Journal of Arachnology, vol. 30, no. 2. 357-372. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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