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Tetragnathidae

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Description

Long-jawed orb weavers or long jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866. They have elongated bodies, legs, and chelicerae, and build small orb webs with an open hub with few, wide-set radii and spirals with no signal line or retreat. Some species are often found in long vegetation near water.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragnathidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2151272	https://www.gbif.org/species/2151272
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	57483	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57483

Rank

family (GBIF)
subfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Araneae : Tetragnathidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Chelicerata	Heymons 1901
-	Euchelicerata	Weygoldt and Paulus 1979
-	Prosomapoda	Lamsdell 2013
class	Xiphosura
order	Xiphosurida	Latreille 1802
-	Planaterga	Lamsdell 2013
-	Dekatriata	Lamsdell 2013
-	Sclerophorata	Kamenz et al. 2011
class	Arachnida	Lamarck 1801
-	Pantetrapulmonata	Shultz 2007
subclass	Tetrapulmonata	Schultz 1990
-	Serikodiastida	Garwood and Dunlop 2014
order	Araneae	Clerck 1757
suborder	Opisthothelae	Pocock 1892
infraorder	Araneomorphae	Smith 1902
-	Entelegynae	Simon 1893
superfamily	Araneoidea	Simon 1895
family	Tetragnathidae	(Menge 1866)

Scientific Name

Tetragnathidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Tetragnathidae	subfamily	belongs to Araneomorphae	stated without evidence	Menge, 1866
Tetragnathidae	subfamily	belongs to Araneoidea	stated with evidence	Dunlop et al., 2013

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

6 (13%)

First Recorded Appearance

130 - 125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Arachnida)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arachnida)

Vision

limited (based on Xiphosurida)

Diet

carnivore (based on Xiphosura)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Arachnida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

D. Penney. 2001. Advances in the taxonomy of spiders in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Arthropoda: Araneae). Palaeontology 44:987-1009

Common Name(s)

Streckerspinnen Und Kieferspinnen, Elongated Orb Weavers, Four-jawed Spiders, Horizontal Orb-web Weavers, Käkspindlar, Large-jawed Orb Weavers, Long-jawed Spiders, Thick-jawed Spiders, Longjawed Orbweavers

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragnathidae

External Images

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Alcimosphenus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Allende genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anameta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Antillognatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Atelidea genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Azilia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Balticgnatha ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Baltleucauge ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Chrysometa genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corneometa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Cyrtognatha genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Dianleucauge genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Diphya genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dischitiognatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dolichognatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Doryonychus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dyschiriognatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Eometa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Eryciniolia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Glenognatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Guizygiella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hispanognatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Homalometa genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Huergina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Hyposinga genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Leucauge genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Macryphantes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mecynometa genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mesida genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Meta genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Metabus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Metellina genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Metimorpha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Metleucauge genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mitoscelis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mollemeta genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nanningia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nanometa genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nediphya genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Neoprolochus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Okileucauge genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Opadometa genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Opas genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Orsinome genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachygnatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Palaeometa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Palaeopachygnatha ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Parameta genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Parazilia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pholcipes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pickardinella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pinkfloydia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Praetermeta genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Priscometa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Samlandicmeta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Sancus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Schenkeliella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Tetragnatha genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Stretch Spider	4	37.2 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Timonoe genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Tylorida genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Wolongia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Zhinu genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Zygiometella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1866	Tetragnathinae Menge
1922	Tetragnathinae Petrunkevitch p. 254
2013	Tetragnathidae Dunlop et al. p. 158
2017	Tetragnathidae Wheeler et al.
2020	Tetragnathidae Magalhaes et al.

References

Penney D. (2001) Advances in the taxonomy of spiders in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Arthropoda: Araneae), Palaeontology 44, 987-1009

Petrunkevitch A. I. (1922) Tertiary Spiders and Opilionids of North America, Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 25, 211-279

Dunlop J. A., Penney D., et al (2013) A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives, The World Spider Catalog, version 14.0. American Museum of Natural History

Wheeler W. C., Coddington J. A., et al (2017) The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling, Cladistics 33, 574-616

Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Breene, R. G., D. Allen Dean, G. B. Edwards, Blain Hebert, Herbert W. Levi, Gail Manning, et al., 2003: null. Common Names of Arachnids, Fifth Edition. 42. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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