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Plicatula

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Plicatula sp.

Columbus County, North Carolina, USA

Plicatula sp.

Columbus County, North Carolina, USA

Plicatula sp.

Columbus County, North Carolina, USA

Description

The Plicatulidae are a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks, known commonly as kitten's paws or kittenpaws. These bivalves are related to oysters and scallops. The family has a single living genus, Plicatula, with a second, Harpax known from fossils.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plicatula, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2286101	https://www.gbif.org/species/2286101
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	16936	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=16936

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : Plicatula

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : Plicatula

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Pteriomorphia
-	Ostreomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Ostreioni	Ferussac 1822
-	Ostreata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Ostreiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Pectinida
suborder	Anomiidina	Gray 1854
-	Anomioidei	Gray 1854
-	Dimyoitei	Ridewood 1903
superfamily	Plicatuloidea	Gray 1857
family	Plicatulidae	Watson 1930
genus	Plicatula	Lamarck 1801

Scientific Name

Plicatula Lamarck, 1801

Name Published In

Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de. 1801. Systéme des animaux sans vertèbres. Deterville, Paris.: i-viii; 1-432; pls. 1-6.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Spondylidae	stated with evidence	Glenn, 1904
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Spondylidae	stated without evidence	DuBar, 1958
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Plicatulidae	stated without evidence	da Silva Forti, 1969
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Plicatulidae	stated with evidence	Shaak and Nicol, 1974
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Plicatulidae	stated without evidence	Dockery, 1982
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Plicatulidae	stated with evidence	Ward and Blackwelder, 1987
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Plicatulidae	stated without evidence	Moore, 1987
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Plicatulidae	stated with evidence	Perrilliat, 1994
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Plicatulidae	implied	Lamprell and Healy, 1998
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Plicatulidae	stated without evidence	Todd, 2001
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Pterioida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Plicatulidae	stated without evidence	Scholz et al., 2008
Plicatula	genus	belongs to Plicatulidae	stated with evidence	Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2012

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

7 (10%)

First Recorded Appearance

247 - 242 Ma
Triassic

Environment

marine (based on Pectinida)

Motility

stationary, attached, epibiont

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder

Ecospace Comments

LIFE HISTORY: EP, IM, CE, SU according to Todd (2001).

Taphonomy

low Mg calcite, aragonite (based on Pectinida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plicatula

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Plicatula (Eoplicatula) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		10	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	161 Ma Jurassic
Plicatula (Harpax) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		75	197 Ma Early Jurassic	183 Ma Early Jurassic
Plicatula (Plicatula) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		86	197 Ma Early Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Ostrea quinqueplicata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicaea filamentosa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		49	56.0 Ma Paleocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Plicatula abrardi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula allisoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	109 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	109 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Plicatula ampla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula angolensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula angulosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula anomioides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula arabica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula archiaci ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Plicatula arenaria species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula asperrima species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula auressensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		40	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula auricula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula australis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula azulensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	145 Ma Late Jurassic	133 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Plicatula bajocensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula barnensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Plicatula barroisi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula bonneti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula bussoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula carinata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	237 Ma Middle Triassic	237 Ma Middle Triassic
Plicatula carteroniana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula cedroensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plicatula ceylanica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula ceylonica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula clarki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula cochlear ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	166 Ma Middle Jurassic	166 Ma Middle Jurassic
Plicatula complanata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula cossmanni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula cossmanni ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	166 Ma Middle Jurassic	166 Ma Middle Jurassic
Plicatula costaeirregularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula cotteaui species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula cristata species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Plicatula cyclostroides ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula decorata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula densata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		34	28.4 Ma Oligocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Plicatula dentonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula dubia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula dubia species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Plicatula elegantula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula essingtonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula euplecta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula ferrata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula ferryi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		51	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula filifera ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Plicatula flabellifera ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Plicatula flattersi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula fourtaui species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula gibbosa species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		112	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Plicatula goldenana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula gracilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula granosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula hekiensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		5	237 Ma Middle Triassic	222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Plicatula hettangiensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		6	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	201 Ma Early Jurassic
Plicatula hirsuta ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula horrida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula huberti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula humei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula hunterae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plicatula hydrotheca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula imago species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula incongrua species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula intuscrenata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plicatula juncalensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Plicatula laevigata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula lalajensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula lepidota species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula leucensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Plicatula locardi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula megaera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula menkeana ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		5	16.0 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Plicatula miskito species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula modioloides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula modjeskaensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula multicostata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	89.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula muricata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula neptuni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula novaezelandiae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula obsoleta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula oceani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula ogilviae ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Plicatula onoensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Plicatula ostraeiformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula ostreiformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula papiracea ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Plicatula parahybensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula pedum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula pencillata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula penicillata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula peregrina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula perimbricata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula pernula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula phymatophora ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plicatula placunaea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula plana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula planata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula plexicosta ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Plicatula plicata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	5.33 Ma Miocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Plicatula polymorpha ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	56.0 Ma Paleocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Plicatula pternophora species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula pulchra ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	145 Ma Late Jurassic	145 Ma Late Jurassic
Plicatula pustulosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula quayensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Plicatula quinqueplicata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Plicatula radiola species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula rapa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	199 Ma Early Jurassic	191 Ma Early Jurassic
Plicatula regularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula roemeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula rogeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula rostrata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plicatula rugosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula rugulosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula ruperella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula rustica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula sacyi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula selandica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	61.6 Ma Paleocene	61.6 Ma Paleocene
Plicatula senescens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula septemcostata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula simiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula simplex species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula singewaldi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula solea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plicatula spinosa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		34	201 Ma Early Jurassic	182 Ma Early Jurassic
Plicatula spondylopsis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Plicatula sportella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula squamosissima species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula subgurgitis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula surensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Plicatula tenuirostrata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula tetrica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		34	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula tihi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula torreonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plicatula tuberculosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula umbonata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	133 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	133 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Plicatula variata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	133 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	133 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Plicatula variplicata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Plicatula ventilabrum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	89.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula vermiculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Plicatula youngi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plicatula yueliangpingensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Plicatulostrea Simone & Amaral, 2008	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : *Plicatulostrea*
Micatula Carpenter, 1859	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : *Micatula*
Spiniplicatula Habe, 1977	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : *Spiniplicatula*
Plycatula Monterosato, 1877	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : *Plycatula*
Spiniplicata	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : *Spiniplicata*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1801	Plicatula Lamarck
1904	Plicatula Glenn p. 371
1958	Plicatula DuBar p. 161
1969	Plicatula da Silva Forti p. 71
1974	Plicatula Shaak and Nicol p. 108
1980	Plicatula Vokes p. 57
1982	Plicatula Dockery p. 49
1982	Plicatula Tashiro and Kozai p. 76
1982	Plicatula Woodring p. 599
1987	Plicatula Moore p. 5

Year	Name and Author
1987	Plicatula Squires p. 57
1987	Plicatula Ward and Blackwelder p. 129
1992	Plicatula Squires and Demetrion p. 37
1994	Plicatula Perrilliat p. 237
1998	Plicatula Lamprell and Healy p. 112
2001	Plicatula Todd
2002	Plicatula Sepkoski, Jr.
2008	Plicatula Scholz et al.
2010	Plicatula Bouchet et al.
2012	Plicatula Coan and Valentich-Scott p. 312

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Glenn L. C. (1904) Pelecypoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 274-401

DuBar J. R (1958) Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Late Neogene strata of the Caloosahatchee River area of southern Florida, Florida Geological Survey Bulletin 40, 1-267

da Silva Forti I. R. (1969) Cenozoic Mollusks from the drillholes Cassino and Palmares do Sul of the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul, Iheringia Geologia 2, 55-155

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Dockery D. T. (1982) Lower Oligocene Bivalvia of the Vicksburg Group in Mississippi, Mississippi Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Geology 123, 1-261

Tashiro M., Kozai T. (1982) Part V. Bivalve fossils from the Upper Cretaceous of the Monobe area, Shikoku, Palaeontological Society of Japan Special Papers 25, 69-92

Woodring W. P. (1982) Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoing parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (Pelecypods: Propeamussiidae to Cuspidariidae)., United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306 F

Moore E. J. (1987) Tertiary Marine Pelycypods of California and Baja California: Plicatulidae to Ostreidae, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1228 C, 1-53

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Ward L. W., Blackwelder B.W. (1987) Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Mollusca from the James City and Chowan River Formations at Lee Creek Mine, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 61, 113-283

Squires R. L., Demetrion R. A. (1992) Paleontology of the Eocene Bateque Formation, Baja California Sur, Mexico, Contributions in Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 434, 1-55

Perrilliat M. C. (1994) Bivalvos de la Formación Tuxpan (Mioceno Medio), Estado de Veracruz, México, Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 11 2, 232-242

Lamprell K., Healy J. (1998) , Bivalves of Australia 2

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of bivalves in the Panama Paleontology Project collections, [http://eusmilia.geology.uiowa.edu/database/bivalves/systemat/bivaltax.htm#list]

Scholz A., Aberhan M., et al (2008) Early Jurassic bivalves of the Antimonio terrane (Sonora, NW Mexico): Taxonomy, biogeography, and paleogeographic implications, Geological Society of America Special Paper 442, 269-312

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., et al (2010) Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families, Malacologia 52 2, 1-184 doi:10.4002/040.052.0201

Coan E. V., Valentich-Scott P. (2012) Bivalve Seashells of Tropical West America. Marine Bivalve Mollusks from Baja California to Northern Peru, Santa Barbara museum of Natural history monographs 6, 1-1258

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Syst. Anim. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Boss, 1982 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Schmidt F.C. 1818, Versuch über die beste Einrichtung zur Aufstellung: Behandlung und Aufbewahrung der verschiedenen Naturkörper und gegenṣtände der Kunst, vorzüglich der Conchylien-Sammlungen, nebst kurzer Beurtheilung der conchyliologischen Systeme und Schriften und einer tabellarischen Zusammenstellung und Vergleichung der sechs besten und neuesten conchyliologischen Systeme. Gotha, J. Perth, 252 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Vaught, K.C.; Tucker Abbott, R.; Boss, K.J. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne. ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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