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Barbatia

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Description

Barbatia is a genus of "bearded" ark clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Arcidae, the ark clams.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbatia, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2286193	https://www.gbif.org/species/2286193
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	16210	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=16210

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Barbatia

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Barbatia

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Pteriomorphia
-	Ostreomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Arcioni	Gray 1854
order	Arcida
superfamily	Arcoidea
family	Arcidae	Lamarck 1809
genus	Barbatia	Gray 1840

Scientific Name

Barbatia Gray, 1840

Name Published In

Gray, John E. 1840.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Barbatia	subgenus	belongs to Arca	stated without evidence	Glenn, 1904
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcidae	stated without evidence	Woods, 1922
Barbatia	subgenus	belongs to Arca	stated without evidence	Weaver and Palmer, 1922
Barbatia	subgenus	belongs to Arca	stated with evidence	Grant and Gale, 1931
Barbatia	subgenus	belongs to Arca	stated without evidence	Loel and Corey, 1932
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcidae	stated without evidence	Turner, 1938
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcidae	stated with evidence	Gardner, 1943
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcidae	stated without evidence	Durham, 1944
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcinae	stated without evidence	Gardner, 1945
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcidae	stated with evidence	Eames, 1951
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcinae	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcinae	stated without evidence	Dockery, 1982
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcidae	stated without evidence	Squires, 1988
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcinae	stated with evidence	Pacaud and Le Renard, 1995
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcidae	implied	Lamprell and Healy, 1998
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcinae	stated with evidence	Coan et al., 2000
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcidae	stated with evidence	Squires, 2001
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcidae	stated without evidence	Todd, 2001
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcinae	stated without evidence	Tiwari, 2001
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcoida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcinae	stated without evidence	Spencer et al., 2004
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcidae	stated without evidence	El Qot, 2006
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Arcinae	stated without evidence	Matsubara et al., 2010
Barbatia	genus	belongs to Barbatiidae	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2010

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

103

Extant Size (PBDB)

23 (22%)

First Recorded Appearance

242 - 235 Ma
Triassic

Environment

lagoonal,coastal,inner shelf,outer shelf,oceanic,brackish,freshwater (based on Arcidae)

Motility

stationary, attached

Vision

limited (based on Arcidae)

Diet

suspension feeder

Ontogeny

accretion (based on Arcidae)

Ecospace Comments

LIFE HISTORY: EP, SE, BA, SU according to Todd (2001).

Taphonomy

aragonite,intermediate,minor folds, major ribbing (based on Arcidae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Common Name(s)

エガイ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbatia

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Barbatia (Barbatia) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		194	161 Ma Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Barbatia (Cucullaearca) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		113	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Barbatia (Diluvarca) subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Barbatia (Granoarca) subgenus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Barbatia (Hawaiarca) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		13	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Barbatia (Mesocibota) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		6	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Barbatia (Obliquarca) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		10	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Barbatia (Rostarca) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		4	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	41.3 Ma Eocene
Arca (Barbatia) cowlitzensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Arca (Barbatia) gracilicostata species	listed (PBDB)
Arca (Barbatia) landesi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		5	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	41.3 Ma Eocene
Arca (Barbatia) nanggulanensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Arca (Barbatia) oostinghi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Arca (Barbatia) strongi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		4	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Arca (Barbatia) suzzalloi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Arca (Barbatia) tenuicrenata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Arca aegyptiaca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca appendiculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca axinaea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca carolinensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Arca cowlitzensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca gracilicostata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca landesi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca lignitifera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca malaiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca mauryae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca nanggulanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca oostinghi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca propatula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca rembangensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca strongi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca subtrigonalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca sundaiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca suzzalloi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arca tenuicrenata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia aegyptiaca ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		6	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Barbatia agnastha species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia aldrichi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia amygdalumtortum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia amygdalumtostum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia aspera species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Barbatia assawomanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia awamoana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia axinaea ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Barbatia barbata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia barbulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia biali species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia bicolorata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia bonaczyi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia botanica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia bullata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia cahua species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia candida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia cauderanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia cliffensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	55.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Barbatia coalvillensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia coelata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia coma species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia cometa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia complanata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia consutilis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Barbatia corvamnis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	41.3 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Barbatia costellata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia crustata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Barbatia culleni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Barbatia cuniculana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia dasia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia delepida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia deusseni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Barbatia disclusa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia dissimilis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Barbatia divaricata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia domingensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia dubia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia endomena species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia foliata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Barbatia gabonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia gibba ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	11.6 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Barbatia gravesii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia grayana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia hachijoensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia halidonta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia hawaia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia helblingi species	listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Barbatia hiloa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia ickeae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia illota species	listed (PBDB)		2	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Barbatia inglisia ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Barbatia inusitata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia irregularis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Barbatia islopa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia jacksonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia kayalensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Barbatia kickapooensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia lacerata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia laterosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia legayi species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	168 Ma Middle Jurassic
Barbatia legumen species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia lesbaritzensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia leupoldi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia lignitifera ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Barbatia limatella ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	48.6 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Barbatia ludoviciana species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		27	61.6 Ma Paleocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Barbatia lurida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia malaiana ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Barbatia marylandica species	listed (PBDB)		19	33.9 Ma Oligocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Barbatia mauryae ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	5.33 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Barbatia melaviensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia mella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia meridiana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Barbatia merriami species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia microtera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia molokaia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia morsei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Barbatia multivillosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia mundeformata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	21.7 Ma Miocene	21.7 Ma Miocene
Barbatia nattheimensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia nigeriensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia nodai ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Barbatia novaezealandiae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia oahua species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia obliquata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia opthanta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia paradiagona ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Barbatia parallela species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia parva species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia parvivillosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia perinesa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia perplura species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia phalacra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia picota species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia pistachia species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Barbatia platei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia propertua species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia pseudoillota species	listed (PBDB)		3	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Barbatia pseudonavicula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia pumila ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Barbatia pyrrhotus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia quilonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Barbatia reeveana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia reinharti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia rembangensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Barbatia revelata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia rhombicula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia riculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia sacyi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia scazon species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia sculpta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia sculpturata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia seraperta species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Barbatia setigera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia simondsi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia simulans ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Barbatia sociella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia solidula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia sorongensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia stearnsii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia subtrigonalis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Barbatia sundaiana ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Barbatia supracretacea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia terebrans species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia terraquetra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia thomasensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia trapezina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia uhligi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia uxorispalmeri species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Barbatia virescens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia wendti ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Barbatia woodfordi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barbatia wordeni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Byssoarca marylandica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Scapharca halidonata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Savignyarca Jousseaume, 1891	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : *Savignyarca*
Cucullaearca Conrad, 1865	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : *Cucullaearca*
Granoarca Conrad, 1862	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : *Granoarca*
Barbotia Dalton, 1880	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : *Barbotia*
Ustularca Iredale, 1939	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : *Ustularca*
Barbatirus Iredale, 1939	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : *Barbatirus*
Abarbatia Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : *Abarbatia*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1842	Barbatia Gray
1904	Arca (Barbatia) Glenn p. 391
1922	Arca (Barbatia) Weaver and Palmer p. 8
1922	Barbatia Woods p. 62
1931	Arca (Barbatia) Grant and Gale p. 143
1932	Arca (Barbatia) Loel and Corey
1935	Arca (Barbatia) Oostingh p. 125
1938	Abarbatia Dall et al.
1938	Barbatia Turner p. 42
1939	Barbatia Mukerjee p. 25
1943	Barbatia Gardner p. 22
1944	Barbatia Durham p. 136
1945	Barbatia Gardner p. 52
1951	Barbatia Eames p. 329
1972	Barbatia Hertlein and Grant p. 157
1980	Barbatia Vokes p. 11

Year	Name and Author
1982	Barbatia Dockery p. 30
1982	Barbatia Yamani
1987	Barbatia Squires p. 55
1988	Barbatia Squires p. 17
1992	Barbatia Squires and Demetrion p. 36
1995	Barbatia Pacaud and Le Renard p. 175
1998	Barbatia Lamprell and Healy p. 44
2000	Barbatia Coan et al. p. 128
2001	Barbatia Squires p. 15
2001	Barbatia Tiwari p. 150
2001	Barbatia Todd
2002	Barbatia Sepkoski, Jr.
2004	Barbatia Spencer et al.
2006	Barbatia El Qot p. 22
2010	Barbatia Bouchet et al.
2010	Barbatia Matsubara et al. p. 132

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Glenn L. C. (1904) Pelecypoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 274-401

Weaver C. E., Palmer K. (1922) Fauna from the Eocene of Washington, University of Washington Publications in Geology 1 3, 1-56

Woods H. (1922) Section A. Mollusca from the Eocene and Miocene deposits of Peru. , Geology of the Tertiary and Quaternary Periods in the Northwest Part of Peru, 51-113

Grant U. S., Gale H. R. (1931) Catalogue of the Marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of California, Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History 1, 1-1036

Loel W., Corey W. H. (1932) The Vaqueros Formation, Lower Miocene of California (Part 1), University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 22 3, 31-410

Oostingh C. H. (1935) Die Mollusken des Pliozäns von Boemiajoe (Java), Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indië Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen 26, 1-247

Turner F. E. (1938) Stratigraphy and Mollusca of the Eocene of western Oregon, Geological Society of America Special Paper 10, 1-130

Mukerjee P. N. (1939) Fossil fauna from the Tertiary of Garo Hills, Assam, Palaeontologia Indica 28 1, 1-101

Gardner J. A. (1943) Mollusca from the Miocene and Lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 199 A

Durham J. W. (1944) Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27, 101 -212

Gardner J. (1945) Mollusca of the Tertiary formations of Northeastern Mexico, Geological Society of American Memoir 11

Eames F. E. (1951) A Contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India: B. Description of the Lamellibranchia from standard sections in the Rakni Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Punjab and in the Kohat District, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B 235, 311-482

Hertlein L. G., Grant U. S. (1972) The Geology and Paleontology of the Marine Pliocene of San Diego, California (Paleontology: Pelecypoda), San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir 2 B, 135-411

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Dockery D. T. (1982) Lower Oligocene Bivalvia of the Vicksburg Group in Mississippi, Mississippi Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Geology 123, 1-261

Yamani S. A. (1982) Die Bivalvenfauna der Schwammkalke von Biburg (Oberoxford, Suedliche Frankenalb) Pteriomorphia I, Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Historische Geologie 22, 19-34

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Squires R. L. (1988) Eocene Macropaleontology of Northern Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California, Contributions in Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 398, 1-23

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Coan E. V., Scott P. V., et al (2000) Bivalve seashells of western North America, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural history Monographs 2, 1-764

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Tiwari B. P. (2001) Neogene palaeontology of the Surma Group, Mizoram, India. 1 - The Arcoida (Mollusca: Bivalvia), Journal of the Paleontological Society of India 46, 147-160

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of bivalves in the Panama Paleontology Project collections, [http://eusmilia.geology.uiowa.edu/database/bivalves/systemat/bivaltax.htm#list]

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Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

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SN2000/Boss, 1982 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

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Ardovini, R.; Cossignani, T. (2004). West African seashells (including Azores, Madeira and Canary Is.) = Conchiglie dell'Africa Occidentale (incluse Azzorre, Madeira e Canarie). English-Italian edition. L'Informatore Piceno: Ancona, Italy. ISBN 88-86070-11-X. 319 pp. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

NZ cross ref or inferred from publ. title - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

refer synonym source - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

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Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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