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Smaragdia

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Description

Smaragdia is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Neritidae, the nerites.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smaragdia, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2291430	https://www.gbif.org/species/2291430
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	9253	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=9253

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Neritidae : Smaragdia

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neritidae : Smaragdia

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Orthogastropoda	Ponder and Lindberg 1997
superorder	Neritopsina	Cox 1960
superfamily	Neritoidea
family	Neritidae	Rafinesque 1815
subfamily	Smaragdiinae	Baker 1923
genus	Smaragdia	Issel 1869

Scientific Name

Smaragdia Issel, 1869

Name Published In

Malac. Mar Rosso

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Smaragdia	subgenus	belongs to Neritina	stated with evidence	Maury, 1917
Smaragdia	genus	belongs to Smaragdiinae	stated with evidence	Gardner, 1947
Smaragdia	genus	belongs to Neritidae	stated without evidence	Weisbord, 1962
Smaragdia	genus	belongs to Neritidae	stated with evidence	Ladd, 1966
Smaragdia	genus	belongs to Smaragdiinae	stated with evidence	Perrilliat, 1972
Smaragdia	genus	belongs to Neritidae	stated with evidence	Ladd, 1982
Smaragdia	genus	belongs to Smaragdiinae	implied	Wilson, 1993
Smaragdia	genus	belongs to Neritidae	stated with evidence	Todd, 2001
Smaragdia	genus	belongs to Archaeogastropoda	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Smaragdia	genus	belongs to Smaragdiinae	stated with evidence	Bouchet et al., 2005

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

4 (57%)

First Recorded Appearance

23.0 - 16.0 Ma
Miocene

Motility

actively mobile (based on Neritidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

omnivore, grazer (based on Neritidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite, low Mg calcite (based on Neritidae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smaragdia

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Smaragdia (Smaragdia) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		24	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Smaragdia (Smaragdista) subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Neritina jogjacartensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia bantangensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia berauensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia bontangensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia bryanae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia colei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia expansa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia gelingsehensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia grammica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia merignacensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia patburkeae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia purpureomaculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia rangiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia roseopicta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia semari species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia souverbiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia tragena species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smaragdia viridis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		82	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Smaragdista Iredale, 1936	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Neritidae : *Smaragdista*
Smaragda	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Neritidae : *Smaragda*
Tanzaniella Lupu, 1979	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Neritidae : *Tanzaniella*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1869	Smaragdia Issel p. 212
1917	Neritina (Smaragdia) Maury p. 316
1947	Smaragdia Gardner p. 607
1962	Smaragdia Weisbord p. 116
1966	Smaragdia Ladd p. 58
1972	Smaragdia Perrilliat p. 24

Year	Name and Author
1982	Smaragdia Ladd p. 28
1993	Smaragdia Wilson p. 42
2001	Smaragdia Todd
2002	Smaragdia Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Smaragdia Bouchet et al. pp. 160, 246

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Gardner J. R. (1947) The Molluscan Fauna of the Alum Bluff Group of Florida, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 142A-H, 1-709

Weisbord N.E. (1962) Late Cenozoic gastropods from northern Venezuela, Bulletins of American Paleontology 42 193

Ladd H. S. (1966) Chitons and Gastropods (Haliotidae through Adeorbidae) from Western Pacific Islands, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 531, 1-98

Perrilliat M. C. (1972) Monografia de los Moluscos del Mioceno Medio de Santa Rosa, Verazruz, Mexico, Paleontologia Mexicana 32, 1-130

Ladd H. S. (1982) Cenozoic fossil mollusks from Western Pacific Islands; Gastropods (Volutidae through Terebridae), United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1171, 1-100

Wilson B. (1993) , Australian Marine Shells 1

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of gastropods in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P, et al (2005) A nomenclator and classification of gastropod family-group names, Malacologia 47 1-2, 1-368

Eichhorst T.E. (2016). Neritidae of the world. Volume 2. Harxheim: Conchbooks. Pp. 696-1366. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Eichhorst T.E. (2016). Neritidae of the world. Volume 2. Harxheim: Conchbooks. Pp. 696-1366. - via World Register of Marine Species

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Malac. Mar Rosso - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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