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Bolma

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Description

Bolma is a genus of medium to large sea snails with a calcareous operculum, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolma, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2293144	https://www.gbif.org/species/2293144
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	8610	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=8610

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : Bolma

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turbinidae : Bolma

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Orthogastropoda	Ponder and Lindberg 1997
superorder	Vetigastropoda	Salvini-Plawen 1980
superfamily	Turbinoidea	Rafinesque 1815
family	Turbinidae	Rafinesque 1815
subfamily	Turbininae	Rafinesque 1815
genus	Bolma	Risso 1826

Scientific Name

Bolma Risso, 1826

Name Published In

Risso, A. (1826-1827). Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Paris, Levrault:. . 3(XVI): 1-480, 14 pls.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Bolma	genus	belongs to Bolmidae	stated with evidence	Delpey, 1941
Bolma	genus	belongs to Turbininae	stated with evidence	MacNeil, 1960
Bolma	subgenus	belongs to Astraea	stated with evidence	Ladd, 1972
Bolma	subgenus	belongs to Astraea	stated without evidence	Marasti, 1973
Bolma	subgenus	belongs to Astraea	stated with evidence	Ladd, 1982
Bolma	genus	belongs to Turbinidae	stated without evidence	Kensley and Pether, 1986
Bolma	genus	belongs to Turbininae	implied	Wilson, 1993
Bolma	genus	belongs to Archaeogastropoda	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Bolma	subgenus	belongs to Astraea	stated with evidence	Harzhauser, 2002
Bolma	genus	belongs to Turbininae	stated with evidence	Bouchet et al., 2005

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (20%)

First Recorded Appearance

38.0 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene

Motility

actively mobile (based on Turbinidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

grazer (based on Turbinidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Gastropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Common Name(s)

ハリサザエ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolma

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Bolma (Ormastralium) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		5	33.9 Ma Oligocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Astraea (Bolma) granosa ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		7	13.7 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Astraea granosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Astraea virgata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma anacanthos species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma andersoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma anoropha ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Bolma aureola species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Bolma austroconica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma bartschii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma bathyraphis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma boucheti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma carinata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Bolma castelinae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma crassigranosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma exotica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma flava species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma flindersi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma fuscolineata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma girgyllus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma granosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma guttata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma hataii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma henica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma jacquelineae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma johnstoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma kermadecensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma kiharai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma kreipli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma maestratii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma mainbaza species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma marshalli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma martinae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma massieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma meynardi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma microconcha species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma midwayensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma millegranosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma minuta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma minutiradiosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma modesta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma myrica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma opaoana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma persica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma pseudobathyraphis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma recens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma rugosa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Bolma rugosus species	listed (PBDB)		25	13.8 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Bolma sabinae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma somaliensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma stearnsi species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	38.0 Ma Eocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Bolma tamikoana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma tantalea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma tayloriana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma venusta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bolma virgata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	7.25 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Incilaster Finlay, 1926	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Incilaster*
Harisazaea Habe, 1958	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Harisazaea*
Ormastralium Sacco, 1896	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Ormastralium*
Pseudastralium Schepman, 1908	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Pseudastralium*
Tylastralium Sacco, 1896	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Tylastralium*
Senobolma Okutani, 1964	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Senobolma*
Dolma Strausz, 1928	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Dolma*
Oobolma Sacco, 1896	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Oobolma*
Bolina Brusina, 1870	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Bolina*
Galeoastraea Kuroda & Habe, 1958	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Galeoastraea*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1826	Bolma Risso p. 117
1941	Bolma Delpey pp. 37, 245
1960	Bolma MacNeil p. 33
1972	Astraea (Bolma) Ladd p. 13
1973	Astraea (Bolma) Marasti p. 84
1982	Astraea (Bolma) Ladd p. 23

Year	Name and Author
1986	Bolma Kensley and Pether p. 159
1993	Bolma Wilson p. 107
2002	Astraea (Bolma) Harzhauser p. 70
2002	Astraea (Bolma) Mandic et al. p. 300
2002	Bolma Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Bolma Bouchet et al. pp. 37, 245

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

MacNeil F. S. (1960) Tertiary and Quaternary Gastropoda of Okinawa: A comparison of the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene Gastropoda of Okinawa with related faunas of East Asia together with a resume of the geological setting of the fossiliferous deposits, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 339, 1-148

Ladd H. S. (1972) Cenozoic fossil mollusks from Western Pacific Islands; Gastropods (Turritellidae through Strombidae), United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 532, 1-79

Marasti R. (1973) La fauna tortoniana del T. Stirone (limite Parmense-Piacentino), Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 12 1, 76-120

Ladd H. S. (1982) Cenozoic fossil mollusks from Western Pacific Islands; Gastropods (Volutidae through Terebridae), United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1171, 1-100

Kensley B., Pether J. (1986) Late Tertiary and Early Quaternary Fossil Mollusca for the Hondeklip Area, Cape Province, South Africa, Annals of the South African Museum 97 6, 141-225

Wilson B. (1993) , Australian Marine Shells 1

Harzhauser M. (2002) Marine und brachyhaline Gastropoden aus dem Karpatium des Korneubuger Beckens und der Kreuzstettener Bucht (Österreich, Untermiozän), Beiträge zur Paläontologie 27, 61-159

Mandic O., Harzhauser M., et al (2002) The paleoenvironment of an early Middle Miocene Paratethys sequence in NE Austria with special emphasis on mollusks and foraminifera, Geobios 24, 193-206 doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00059-1

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P, et al (2005) A nomenclator and classification of gastropod family-group names, Malacologia 47 1-2, 1-368

Williams, S.T. (2007). Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592. - via World Register of Marine Species

Beu A.G. & Ponder W.F. (1979) A revision of the species of Bolma Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae). Records of the Australian Museum 32(1): 1-68. [31 May 1979] - via World Register of Marine Species

Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp. 1-82, pls 104-245. - via World Register of Marine Species

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

H. N. Europe, 4 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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