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Busycon

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Busycon sp.

Ross Witham beach, Martin County, Florida, USA

Busycon sp.

Ross Witham beach, Martin County, Florida, USA

Busycon sp.

Ross Witham beach, Martin County, Florida, USA

Description

Busycon is a genus of very large edible sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Busyconinae. These snails are commonly known in the United States as whelks or Busycon whelks. Less commonly they are loosely, and somewhat misleadingly, called "conchs".

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busycon, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2302924	https://www.gbif.org/species/2302924
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	10874	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=10874

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Busycon

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Melongenidae : Busycon

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Prosobranchia	Milne-Edwards 1848
superorder	Caenogastropoda	Cox 1959
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Buccinoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Melongenidae	Gill 1867
subfamily	Busyconinae	Wade 1917
genus	Busycon	Röding 1798

Common Name

whelk

Scientific Name

Busycon Röding, 1798

Name Published In

Röding, Peter F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum, sive, Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Fried. Bolten. Johan. Christi. Trappii, Hamburgi.: pt.2: , , 1-199.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Busycon	genus	belongs to Busyconidae	stated with evidence	Gardner, 1947
Busycon	genus	belongs to Busyconidae	stated without evidence	DuBar, 1958
Busycon	genus	belongs to Busyconinae	stated with evidence	Abbott, 1970
Busycon	genus	belongs to Melongenidae	stated with evidence	Ward and Blackwelder, 1987
Busycon	genus	belongs to Busyconinae	stated with evidence	Ward, 1992
Busycon	genus	belongs to Neogastropoda	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

11 (37%)

First Recorded Appearance

72.1 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Motility

actively mobile (based on Melongenidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Melongenidae)

Ecospace Comments

DIMENSIONS & MORPHOLOGY: Based on ten randomly selected figured species.

Taphonomy

intermediate,minor ribbing, minor spines

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Common Name(s)

Wellhornschnecken, Whelks, Whelk

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busycon

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Busycon (Busycoarctum) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		5	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Busycon (Busycon) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		4	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Busycon (Sinistrofulgur) subgenus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Busycon (Sycotypus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Busycon (Echinofulgur) echinatum ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		4	3.60 Ma Pliocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Busycon aldrichi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	13.8 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Busycon alencasterae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Busycon alumense ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Busycon atraktoides ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Busycon bladenense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Busycon blountense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Busycon carica species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		31	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Busycon carinatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Busycon chowanense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Busycon contrarium species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		25	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Busycon cretaceum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Busycon dasum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	13.8 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Busycon epispiniger ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Busycon filosum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Busycon foerstei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Busycon fusiformis species	listed (PBDB)		2	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Busycon grandis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Busycon maximum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Busycon montforti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Busycon perversum species	listed (PBDB)		16	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Busycon propecoronatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Busycon proterum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Busycon radix ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	20.4 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Busycon sicyoides ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Busycon sinistrum species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Busycon spiniger species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	28.4 Ma Oligocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Busycon tampaense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Busycon tritonis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Busycon willcoxi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Fulgur echinatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Fulgur rapum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Fulguropsis feldmanni species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pyruella blountense ✝ species	listed (PBDB)

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Busycum Mörch, 1852	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : *Busycum*
Busicon Emmons, 1858	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : *Busicon*
Bysycum Mörch, 1857	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : *Bysycum*
Fulgur Montfort, 1810	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : *Fulgur*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1798	Busycon Röding
1947	Busycon Gardner p. 449
1948	Busycon Gardner p. 238
1950	Fulguropsis Marks
1953	Busycon (Echinofulgur) Olsson and Harbison
1953	Busycon Olsson and Harbison p. 209
1958	Busycon DuBar p. 192
1958	Sinistrofulgur Hollister
1967	Busycon Olsson p. 31

Year	Name and Author
1967	Busycon (Echinofulgur) Olsson p. 31
1970	Busycon Abbott p. 222
1970	Busycon (Fulguropsis) Abbott p. 223
1982	Pyruella Petuch
1987	Busycon Ward and Blackwelder p. 132
1992	Busycon Ward p. 131
2002	Busycon Sepkoski, Jr.
2002	Echinofulgur Sepkoski, Jr.
2004	Lindafulgur Petuch

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Gardner J. R. (1947) The Molluscan Fauna of the Alum Bluff Group of Florida, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 142A-H, 1-709

Gardner J. A. (1948) Mollusca from the Miocene and Lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina: Part 2. Scaphopoda and Gastropoda, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 199 B, 179-310

Olsson A. A., Harbison A. (1953) Pliocene Mollusca of Southern Florida, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monograph 8, 1-457

DuBar J. R (1958) Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Late Neogene strata of the Caloosahatchee River area of southern Florida, Florida Geological Survey Bulletin 40, 1-267

Olsson A. A. (1967) , Some Tertiary mollusks from South Florida and the Carribean. Paleontological Research Institute, 1-61

Ward L. W., Blackwelder B.W. (1987) Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Mollusca from the James City and Chowan River Formations at Lee Creek Mine, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 61, 113-283

Ward L. W. (1992) Molluscan biostratigraphy of the Miocene Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain of North America, Virginia Museum of Natural History 2

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Nov 2016). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Mus. Bolten., (2 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Ruppert et al., 2004 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Hollister S.C. 1958, A review of the genus Busycon and its allies - Part I: Palaeontographica Americana IV(28): 48-126, pls. 8-18. - via World Register of Marine Species

Petuch E.J., Myers R.F. & Berschauer D.P. (2015). The living and fossil Busycon whelks: Iconic mollusks of eastern North America. San Diego Shell Club. viii + 195 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Bolton, J. F.; Dall, W. H. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens conchylia sive Testacea, univalvia, Bivalvia & multivalvia. Johan. Christi. Trappii, Hamburg. i-viii, 1-199. - via World Register of Marine Species

Millard, V., 1997: null. Classification of Mollusca: A classification of world wide Mollusca. 1-544. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Abbott, Robert Tucker, 1974: null. American Seashells: The Marine Mollusca of the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of North America. 2nd ed.. 663. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Vaught, K. C. / Abbott, Robert T. and Kenneth J. Boss, 1989: null. A classification of the living Mollusca. xii+195. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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