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Lactarius

Description

Lactarius is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like the closely related genus Russula, their flesh has a distinctive brittle consistency. It is a large genus with roughly 450 known species, mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Recently, the genus Lactifluus has been separated from Lactarius based on molecular phylogenetic evidence.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2390501https://www.gbif.org/species/2390501
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)36064https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36064
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Perciformes : Lactariidae : Lactarius
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Perciformes : Lactariidae : Lactarius
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
superclassActinopterygii
classActinopteri
subclassNeopterygii
-TeleosteomorphaArratia et al. 2004
-Teleostei
-Osteoglossocephalai
-ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
-Euteleosteomorpha
-NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
-Eurypterygia
-Ctenosquamata
-Acanthomorphata
-Euacanthomorphacea
-Percomorphaceae
-Percomorpharia
orderPerciformesStirton 1953
familyLactariidae
genusLactariusValenciennes 1833
Scientific NameLactarius Valenciennes, 1833
Name Published InValenciennes, A. in Cuvier, Georges & A. Valenciennes. 1833.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Lactariusgenusbelongs to Lactariidaestated without evidenceNolf and Bajpai, 1992
Lactariusgenusbelongs to Perciformessecond handSepkoski, 2002
Lactariusgenusbelongs to Lactariidaestated without evidenceEbersole et al., 2019
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)4
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (25%)
First Recorded Appearance47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Environmentmarine (based on Vertebrata)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Perciformes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Perciformes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560
Common Name(s) Riske
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactarius

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Lactarius amplus
species
listed (PBDB)147.8 Ma
Eocene
47.8 Ma
Eocene
Lactarius aspideus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lactarius atanticus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Lactarius dryadophilus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lactarius glyciosmus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lactarius lactarius
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lactarius lanceolatus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lactarius nonfungus
species
listed (PBDB)141.3 Ma
Eocene
41.3 Ma
Eocene
Lactarius torminosus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Platylepes Swainson, 1839GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Perciformes : Lactariidae : Platylepes

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1833Lactarius Cuvier and Valenciennes
1992Lactarius Nolf and Bajpai p. 201
2002Lactarius Sepkoski, Jr.
2019Lactarius Ebersole et al. p. 205

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
Nolf D., Bajpai S. (1992) Marine middle Eocene fish otoliths from India and Java, Bulletin de I'lnstitut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 62, 195-221
Ebersole J. A., Cicimurri D. J., et al (2019) Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, European Journal of Taxonomy 585, 1-274 doi:10.5852/ejt.2019.585
Eschmeyer, William N., ed., 1998: Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, no. 1, vol 1-3. 2905. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Eschmeyer online (Jun 2012) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus (auth. adjusted as per Eschmeyer) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/Eschmeyer, 1998 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
FishBase - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
H. N. Poiss., 9 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Marine Species
King, C.M.; Roberts, C.D.; Bell, B.D.; Fordyce, R.E.; Nicoll, R.S.; Worthy, T.H.; Paulin, C.D.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Keyes, I.W.; Baker, A.N.; Stewart, A.L.; Hiller, N.; McDowall, R.M.; Holdaway, R.N.; McPhee, R.P.; Schwarzhans, W.W.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Rust, S.; Macadie, I. (2009). Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 431-554. - via World Register of Marine Species
Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. [developed by uBio, hosted online at MBLWHOI Library]. - via World Register of Marine Species
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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