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Placodus ✝

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Description

Placodus (meaning 'flat tooth') was a genus of marine reptiles, belonging to the order Placodontia, which swam in the shallow seas of the middle Triassic period (c. 240 million years ago). Fossils of Placodus have been found in Central Europe (Germany, France, Poland) and China.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placodus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3238533	https://www.gbif.org/species/3238533
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	36538	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36538

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontidae : Placodus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontia : Placodontidae : Placodus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
order	Sauropterygia	Owen 1861
-	Placodontiformes	Neenan et al. 2013
order	Placodontia	Cope 1871
superfamily	Placodontoidea	Nopcsa 1923
family	Placodontidae	Cope 1871
genus	Placodus	Agassiz 1833

Scientific Name

Placodus Agassiz, 1833

Name Published In

Poiss. Foss., 2 (1)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Placodus	genus	belongs to Sauropterygia	stated without evidence	Owen, 1861
Placodus	genus	belongs to Placodontidae	stated with evidence	Cope, 1871
Placodus	genus	belongs to Placodontidae	stated without evidence	Rieppel, 2000
Placodus	genus	belongs to Placodontia	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

251 - 242 Ma
Triassic

Last Recorded Appearance

237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic

Environment

marine (based on Sauropterygia)

Motility

slow-moving (based on Placodontidae)

Vision

well-developed (based on Placodontidae)

Diet

durophage (based on Placodontidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

L. Agassiz. 1843. Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome I (livr. 18). Imprimerie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placodus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Placodus duplicatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Placodus gigas ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		23	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Placodus inexpectatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Placodus placodonta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Placodus aethiops Meyer, 1863	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontidae : *Placodus aethiops*
Placodus impressus Braun, 1863	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontidae : *Placodus impressus*
Placodus rugosus Meyer, 1863	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontidae : *Placodus rugosus*
Placodus angustus Meyer, 1863	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontidae : *Placodus angustus*
Placodus bombidens Owen, 1858	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontidae : *Placodus bombidens*
Placodus pachygnathus Owen, 1859	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontidae : *Placodus pachygnathus*
Placodus bathygnathus Owen, 1859	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontidae : *Placodus bathygnathus*
Placodus andriani Agassiz, 1845	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontidae : *Placodus andriani*
Placodus gracilis Jurcsak, 1976	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontidae : *Placodus gracilis*
Placodon Agassiz, 1836	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontidae : *Placodon*
Placodus aethiopi Meyer, 1863	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Placodontidae : *Placodus aethiopi*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1839	Placodus andriani Münster
1843	Placodus Agassiz p. 177
1845	Placodus andriani Agassiz p. 218 figs. Plate 70, figs 8-13
1858	Placodus bombidens Owen
1859	Placodus bathygnathus Owen p. 159
1859	Placodus pachygnathus Owen p. 159 figs. Plate 10, figs 6-7
1861	Placodus Owen p. 236
1861	Placodus andriani Owen p. 237
1863	Placodus impressus Braun
1863	Placodus aethiops Meyer p. 180
1863	Placodus angustus Meyer p. 180
1863	Placodus rugosus Meyer p. 180
1871	Placodus Cope p. 235

Year	Name and Author
1875	Placodus Cope p. 14
1902	Anomosaurus Huene
1902	Crurosaurus Huene
1902	Crurosaurus problematicus Huene p. 23
1902	Anomosaurus Huene p. 33
1907	Placodus aethiopi Jaekel
1971	Placodus Kuhn p. 20
1971	Placodus impressus Kuhn p. 20
1976	Placodus gracilis Jurcsak
1988	Placodus Carroll
1995	Placodus Rieppel p. 2
2000	Placodus Rieppel
2002	Placodus Sepkoski, Jr.

References

Agassiz L. , Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome I (livr. 18). Imprimerie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel, xxxii-188

Owen R. Description of the skull and teeth of the Placodus laticeps, Ow, with indications of other new species of Placodus, and evidence of the saurian nature of that extinct genus, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 9, 157-159

Owen R. , Palaeontology, or a Systematic Summary of Extinct Animals and their Geological Relations. Second Edition. Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, 1-463

Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247

Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109

Huene F. v. (1902) Übersicht über die Reptilien der Trias [Review of the Reptilia of the Triassic], Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen (Neue Serie). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 6, 1-84

Kuhn O. (1971) , Die Saurier der deutschen Trias [Reptiles of the German Triassic], 1-105

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Rieppel O. (1995) The genus Placodus: systematics, morphology, paleobiogeography, and paleobiology, Fieldiana: Geology, new series 31, 1-44

Rieppel O. (2000) Handbuch der PaHioherpetologie Teil 12A Sauropterygia I: Placodontia, Pachypleurosauria, Nothosauroidea, Pistosauroidea, 1-134

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

NZ cross ref or inferred from publ. title - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Poiss. Foss., 1, xxxiii. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Poiss. Foss., 2 (1) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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