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Loxonematidae ✝

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Description

Loxonematidae is an extinct taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loxonematidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3245373	https://www.gbif.org/species/3245373
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	57136	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57136

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Loxonematidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Murchisoniina : Loxonematidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Orthogastropoda	Ponder and Lindberg 1997
order	Murchisoniina	Cox and Knight 1960
superfamily	Loxonematoidea
family	Loxonematidae	Koken 1889

Scientific Name

Loxonematidae

Name Published In

Koken, E. (1889). Ueber die Entwicklung der Gastropoden vom Cambrium bis zur Trias. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie , Beilage Band. 6: 305−484, pls. 10.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Loxonematidae	family	belongs to Loxonematacea	stated without evidence	Cossmann, 1909
Loxonematidae	family	belongs to Loxonematacea	stated with evidence	Horný, 1953
Loxonematidae	family	belongs to Loxonematoidea	stated without evidence	Golikov and Starobogatov, 1975
Loxonematidae	family	belongs to Loxonematoidea	stated with evidence	Ponder and Warén, 1988

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

232

First Recorded Appearance

485 - 470 Ma
Paleozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

212 - 201 Ma
Mesozoic

Motility

facultatively mobile

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

suspension feeder

Ecospace Comments

LIFE HISTORY: Surficial, fac.-motile unattached, suspension feeding according to Bambach et al (2007).

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Gastropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. Koken. 1889. Ueber die Entwickelung der Gastropoden vom Cambrium bis zur Trias. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie 6: 305–484. 6:305-484

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loxonematidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Omospirinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		101	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Aulacostrepsis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	416 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Australoxa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Clathronema ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		16	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Cookiloxa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Heideckernema ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Holopella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		23	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	252 Ma Permian
Katoptychia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	416 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Katospira genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Loxonema ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		377	485 Ma Cambrian	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Nodoloxonema ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Omospira ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		64	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Perneratia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Rhabdostropha ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		32	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Spiroecus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Stylonema ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		63	439 Ma Silurian	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Tyrsoecus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		32	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Holopellidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Holopellidae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1889	Loxonematidae Koken
1896	Holopellidae Koken
1909	Loxonematidae Cossmann
1953	Loxonematidae Horný
1960	Loxonematidae Knight et al. p. 311
1975	Loxonematidae Golikov and Starobogatov p. 214
1975	Loxonematidae Peel
1988	Loxonematidae Ponder and Warén p. 292
2005	Loxonematidae Bouchet et al. p. 242

References

Koken E. Ueber die Entwickelung der Gastropoden vom Cambrium bis zur Trias, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie 6: 305–484. 6, 305-484

Cossmann M. (1909) , Revue critique de paléozoologie 13

Horný R. J. (1953) New gastropods from the Silurian of Central Bohemia, Sbornik Ustredního Ústavuu Geologického 20, 189-211

Knight J. B., Cox L. R., et al (1960) Systematic descriptions, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Mollusca I 1, 169-339

Golikov A. N., Starobogatov Y. I. (1975) Systematics of prosobranch gastropods, Malacologia 15 2, 185-232

Peel J. S. (1975) New Silurian gastropods from Nova Scotia and Britain, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 12 12, 1524-1533

Ponder W. F., Warén A. (1988) Appendix: classification of the Caenogastropoda and Heterostropha - a list of the family-group names and higher taxa, Malacological Review Suppl. 4, 288-326

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P, et al (2005) A nomenclator and classification of gastropod family-group names, Malacologia 47 1-2, 1-368

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47(1-2): 1-397. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Museum Victoria KEmu database (Oct 2006) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Koken, E. (1889). Ueber die Entwicklung der Gastropoden vom Cambrium bis zur Trias. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie , Beilage Band. 6: 305−484, pls. 10. - via World Register of Marine Species

Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47(1-2): 1-397 ISBN 3-925919-72-4. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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