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Gryphaea ✝

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Description

Gryphaea, common name devil's toenails, is a genus of extinct oysters, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Gryphaeidae.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gryphaea, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4595513	https://www.gbif.org/species/4595513
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	16691	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=16691

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Gryphaea

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Gryphaea

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Pteriomorphia
-	Ostreomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Ostreioni	Ferussac 1822
-	Ostreata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Ostreiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Ostreida
suborder	Ostreidina
superfamily	Ostreoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Gryphaeidae	Vialov 1936
subfamily	Gryphaeinae	Vialov 1936
genus	Gryphaea	Lamarck 1801

Scientific Name

Gryphaea Lamarck, 1801

Name Published In

Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de. 1801. Systéme des animaux sans vertèbres. Deterville, Paris.: i-viii; 1-432; pls. 1-6.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Gryphaea	genus	belongs to Ostreidae	stated without evidence	Meek, 1864
Gryphaea	genus	belongs to Gryphaeinae	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980
Gryphaea	genus	belongs to Pterioida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Gryphaea	genus	belongs to Gryphaeinae	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2010
Gryphaea	genus	belongs to Gryphaeidae	stated without evidence	McRoberts, 2011

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

237 - 232 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic

Last Recorded Appearance

37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene

Environment

marine,brackish (based on Ostreida)

Motility

stationary, attached (based on Gryphaeidae)

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Gryphaeidae)

Taphonomy

low Mg calcite

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gryphaea

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Gryphaea (Africogryphaea) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Gryphaea (Bilobissa) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		139	197 Ma Early Jurassic	156 Ma Jurassic
Gryphaea (Catinula) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		37	183 Ma Early Jurassic	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Gryphaea (Gryphaea) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		102	201 Ma Early Jurassic	161 Ma Jurassic
Catinula crickleyensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea accipiter ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gryphaea angulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea angusta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea arcta ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Gryphaea arcuata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		145	201 Ma Early Jurassic	190 Ma Early Jurassic
Gryphaea arcuataeformis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	237 Ma Middle Triassic	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Gryphaea aucella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea avicularis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	237 Ma Middle Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Gryphaea balli ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		31	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	145 Ma Late Jurassic
Gryphaea bilobata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	170 Ma Middle Jurassic	165 Ma Middle Jurassic
Gryphaea brongniarti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Gryphaea calceola species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea colombiana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Gryphaea corrugata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea corrugatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea costellata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		59	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	164 Ma Middle Jurassic
Gryphaea coxi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea culebra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea cymbium ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		55	201 Ma Early Jurassic	190 Ma Early Jurassic
Gryphaea darwinii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea distans species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea distorta ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gryphaea dumortieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea eversa ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Gryphaea gallica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea gibberosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea gigantea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	191 Ma Early Jurassic	190 Ma Early Jurassic
Gryphaea keilhaui ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		12	237 Ma Middle Triassic	222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Gryphaea kenkerensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	222 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Gryphaea latissima species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea lituola species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea marcoui species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea mccullochi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	197 Ma Early Jurassic	197 Ma Early Jurassic
Gryphaea mucronata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea mutabilis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gryphaea navicula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea nevadensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Gryphaea newberryi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea obliquata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	197 Ma Early Jurassic	197 Ma Early Jurassic
Gryphaea orientalis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Gryphaea pharaonum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea pitcheri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea planoconvexa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		47	174 Ma Middle Jurassic	170 Ma Middle Jurassic
Gryphaea pusilla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea sinuata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea stomatoidea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Gryphaea tucumcarii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea virgula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gryphaea wardi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Liogryphaea balli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Liogryphaea costellata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Gryphera Gorham, 1930	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Gryphera*
Gryphoea Bosc, 1802	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Gryphoea*
Gryphaca Jaworski, 1935	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Gryphaca*
Liogryphaea Fischer, 1886	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Liogryphaea*
Gryphea Risso, 1826	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Gryphea*
Gryphaae White, 1887	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Gryphaae*
Griphaea Blainville, 1821	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Griphaea*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1801	Gryphaea Lamarck
1864	Gryphaea Meek p. 42
1886	Liogryphaea Fischer
1980	Gryphaea Vokes p. 63
2001	Liogryphaea Papier p. 372
2002	Gryphaea Sepkoski, Jr.
2010	Gryphaea Bouchet et al.
2011	Gryphaea McRoberts p. 650
2014	Gryphaea Ros-Franch et al.

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Papier F. (2001) Die Gundershoffener Klamm, Fossilien 6/01, 368-374

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., et al (2010) Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families, Malacologia 52 2, 1-184 doi:10.4002/040.052.0201

McRoberts C. A. (2011) Late Triassic Bivalvia (Chiefly Halobiidae and Monotidae) from the Pardonet Formation, Williston Lake Area, Northeastern British Columbia, Canada, Journal of Paleontology 85 4, 613-664 doi:10.1666/10-051.1

Ros-Franch S., Márquez-Aliaga A., et al (2014) Comprehensive database on Induan (Lower Triassic) to Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) marine bivalve genera and their paleobiogeographic record, Paleontological Contributions 8, 1-219

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 338 Acceptance of the Mesozoic fossil species Gryphaea arcuata Lamarck, 1801, as the type species of the nominal genus Gryphaea Lamarck, 1801, and addition of the generic name Gryphaea Lamarck, 1801 (class Pelecypoda) to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology.Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 10(5), 125-180 (1955) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Syst. Anim. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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