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Coniophis

Description

Coniophis is an extinct genus of snakes from the late Cretaceous period. The only species sure to belong to this genus, Coniophis precedes, was about 7 cm long and had snake-like teeth and body form, with a skull and a largely lizard-like bone structure. It probably ate small vertebrates. The fossil remains of Coniophis were first discovered at the end of the 19th century in the Lance Formation of the US state of Wyoming, and were described in 1892 by Othniel Charles Marsh. For the genus Coniophis, a number of other species have been described. Their affiliation is, however, poorly secured, mostly based on vertebrae descriptions from only a few fossils.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4820562https://www.gbif.org/species/4820562
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)38081https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38081
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Aniliidae : Coniophis
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Coniophis
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Lepidosauromorpha
superorderLepidosauria
orderSquamataOppel 1811
suborderOphidia
-Serpentes
infraorderAlethinophidiaNopcsa 1923
genusConiophisMarsh 1892
Scientific NameConiophis Marsh, 1892
Name Published InAmer. J. Sci., (3) 43
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Coniophisgenusbelongs to Ophidiastated without evidenceMarsh, 1892
Coniophisgenusbelongs to Crotalidaestated without evidenceHay, 1902
Coniophisgenusbelongs to Aniliidaestated without evidenceHecht, 1959
Coniophisgenusbelongs to Aniliidaestated with evidenceEstes, 1964
Coniophisgenusbelongs to Aniliidaestated without evidenceEstes and Berberian, 1970
Coniophisgenusbelongs to AniliidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Coniophisgenusbelongs to Aniliidaestated with evidenceGardner and Cifelli, 1999
Coniophisgenusbelongs to Aniliidaestated without evidenceNydam, 2002
Coniophisgenusbelongs to AniliidaeimpliedAugé and Rage, 2006
Coniophisgenusbelongs to Coniophidaestated with evidenceLongrich et al., 2012
Coniophisgenusbelongs to Alethinophidiastated with evidenceSmith, 2013
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)6
First Recorded Appearance105 - 94 Ma
Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Environmentterrestrial
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)O. C. Marsh. 1892. Notice of new reptiles from the Laramie Formation. American Journal of Science 43:449-453
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coniophis

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Coniophis carinatus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
150.3 Ma
Eocene
50.3 Ma
Eocene
Coniophis cosgriffi
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
183.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
83.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Coniophis dabiebus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
283.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Coniophis platycarinatus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
150.3 Ma
Eocene
50.3 Ma
Eocene
Coniophis precedens
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1085.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
58.7 Ma
Paleocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1892Coniophis Marsh
1902Coniophis Hay p. 481
1959Coniophis Hecht p. 138
1964Coniophis Estes p. 140
1970Coniophis Estes and Berberian p. 6
1976Coniophis Estes p. 512
1988Coniophis Carroll
YearName and Author
1989Coniophis Bryant p. 49
1999Coniophis Gardner and Cifelli p. 89
2002Coniophis Nydam p. 652
2006Coniophis Augé and Rage p. 247
2012Coniophis Longrich et al. pp. 1 in SI1
2013Coniophis Smith p. 158 fig. 2

References

Marsh O. C. Notice of new reptiles from the Laramie Formation, American Journal of Science 43, 449-453
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Hecht M. K. (1959) Amphibians and Reptiles (in: The Geology and Paleontology of the Elk Mountain and Tabernacle Butte area, Wyoming), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117 3, 130-176
Estes R. (1964) Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49, 1-187
Estes R., Berberian P. (1970) Paleoecology of a Late Cretaceous vertebrate community from Montana, Breviora 343, 1-35
Estes R. (1976) Middle Paleocene lower vertebrates from the Tongue River Formation, southeastern Montana, Journal of Paleontology 50 3, 500-520
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Bryant L. J. (1989) Non-dinosaurian lower vertebrates across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Montana, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 134, 1-107
Gardner J. D., Cifelli R. L. (1999) A primitive snake from the Cretaceous of Utah, Special Papers in Palaeontology 60, 87-100
Nydam R. L. (2002) Lizards of the Mussentuchit Local Fauna (Albian-Cenomanian boundary) and comments on the evolution of the Cretaceous lizard fauna of North America, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 3, 645-660
Augé M., Rage J.-C. (2006) Herpetofaunas from the Upper Paleocene and Lower Eocene of Morocco, Annales de Paléontologie 92 3, 235-253 doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2005.09.001
Longrich N. R., Bhullar B.-A. S., et al (2012) A transitional snake from the Late Cretaceous period of North America, Nature 488, 205-208 doi:10.1038/nature11227
Smith K. T. (2013) New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America, Zoologischer Anzeiger 252 2, 157-182 doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006
GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Amer. J. Sci., (3) 43 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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