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Saniwa âśť

Description

Saniwa is an extinct genus of varanid lizard that lived about 48 million years ago during the Eocene epoch. It is known from well-preserved fossils found in the Bridger and Green River Formations of Wyoming, and evidence indicates Saniwa also lived in Europe. The type species S. ensidens was described in 1870 as the first fossil lizard known from North America. Several other species have since been added, but their validity is uncertain. It is a close relative of Varanus, the genus that includes monitor lizards.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4820733https://www.gbif.org/species/4820733
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)38041https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38041
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Varanidae : Saniwa
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Saniwa
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Lepidosauromorpha
superorderLepidosauria
orderSquamataOppel 1811
-EpisquamataPyron et al. 2013
-ToxicoferaVidal and Hedges 2005
suborderAnguimorphaFĂĽrbringer 1900
-AnguiformesConrad 2006
infraorderPlatynotaBaur 1890
superfamilyVaranoideaGray 1827
subfamilySaniwinaeCamp 1923
genusSaniwaLeidy 1870
Scientific NameSaniwa Leidy, 1870
Name Published InProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1870
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Saniwagenusbelongs to Lacertiliastated with evidenceLeidy, 1873
Saniwagenusbelongs to Anguidaestated without evidenceHay, 1902
Saniwagenusbelongs to Megalaninaestated with evidenceNopcsa, 1928
Saniwagenusbelongs to Saniwinaestated with evidenceMcDowell and Bogert, 1954
Saniwagenusbelongs to Saniwinaestated without evidenceBrattstrom, 1955
Saniwagenusbelongs to Varanidaestated without evidenceHecht, 1959
Saniwagenusbelongs to Saniwinaestated without evidenceStritzke, 1983
Saniwagenusbelongs to Varanidaestated with evidenceEstes, 1983
Saniwagenusbelongs to VaranidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Saniwagenusbelongs to Varanidaestated without evidenceAlifanov, 1993
Saniwagenusbelongs to Varanidaestated with evidenceClos, 1995
Saniwagenusbelongs to Varanidaestated without evidenceSmith, 2006
Saniwagenusbelongs to Saniwinaestated with evidenceRieppel and Grande, 2007
Saniwagenusmisspelling of Saniwastated with evidenceRieppel and Grande, 2007
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)6
First Recorded Appearance63.3 - 61.7 Ma
Paleocene
Last Recorded Appearance33.9 - 33.3 Ma
Oligocene
Environmentterrestrial
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore
Reproductionoviparous (based on Varanoidea)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. Leidy. 1870. [Descriptions of Emys jaenesi, E. haydeni, Baena arenosa, and Saniwa ensidens]. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 1870:123-124
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saniwa

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Saniwa edura âśť
species
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
137.2 Ma
Eocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene
Saniwa ensidens âśť
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
3055.8 Ma
Eocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene
Saniwa feisti âśť
species
listed (PBDB)147.8 Ma
Eocene
47.8 Ma
Eocene
Saniwa major âśť
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
150.3 Ma
Eocene
50.3 Ma
Eocene
Saniwa orsmaelensis âśť
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
456.0 Ma
Paleocene
55.8 Ma
Eocene

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Saniva Leidy, 1870GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Varanidae : Saniva

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1870Saniwa Leidy p. 124
1872Thinosaurus Marsh p. 299
1873Thinosaurus Cope p. 632
1873Saniva Leidy p. 181–182
1890Thinosaurus Hoffmann
1890Thinosaurus Zittel
1891Thinosaurus Boulenger
1902Saniwa Hay p. 475
1902Thinosaurus Hay p. 476
1928Saniva Nopcsa p. 177
1954Saniwa McDowell and Bogert p. 132
YearName and Author
1955Saniwa Brattstrom p. 145
1959Saniwa Hecht p. 135
1983Saniwa Estes
1983Tinosaurus Estes
1983Saniwa Stritzke
1988Saniwa Carroll
1993Saniwa Alifanov p. 10
1995Saniwa Clos p. 263
2006Saniwa Smith p. 6
2007Saniwa Rieppel and Grande p. 644

References

Leidy J. [Descriptions of Emys jaenesi, E. haydeni, Baena arenosa, and Saniwa ensidens], Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 1870, 123-124
Marsh O. C. Preliminary description of new Tertiary reptiles. Part I and Part II, The American Journal of Science, series 3 4 22, 298-309
Cope E. D. On the extinct Vertebrata of the Eocene of Wyoming observed by the Expedition of 1872, with notes on the geology, Sixth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories, 545-649
Leidy J. Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories, Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1, 1-358
Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Nopcsa B. F. (1928) The genera of reptiles, Palaeobiologica 1, 163-188
McDowell S. B., Bogert C. M. (1954) The systematic postition of Lanthanotus and the affinities of the anguinomorphan lizards, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 105 1, 1-142
Brattstrom B. H. (1955) New snakes and lizards from the Eocene of California, Journal of Paleontology 29 1, 145-149
Hecht M. K. (1959) Amphibians and Reptiles (in: The Geology and Paleontology of the Elk Mountain and Tabernacle Butte area, Wyoming), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117 3, 130-176
Estes R. (1983) Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie 10A, 1-249
Stritzke R. (1983) Saniwa feisti n. sp., ein Varanide (Lacertilia, Reptilia) aus dem Mittel-Eozän von Messel bei Darmstadt, Senckenbergiana Lethaea 64 5/6, 497-508
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Alifanov V. (1993) Some peculiarities of the Cretaceous and Palaeogene lizard faunas of the Mongolian people's Republic, Darmstädter Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte 3, 9-13
Clos L. M. (1995) A new species of Varanus (Reptilia: Sauria) from the Miocene of Kenya, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15 2, 254-267
Smith K. T. (2006) A diverse new assemblage of late Eocene squamates (Reptilia) from the Chadron Formation of North Dakota, U.S.A., Palaeontologia Electronica 9 2, 1-44
Rieppel O., Grande L. (2007) The anatomy of the fossil varanid lizard Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870, based on a newly discovered complete skeleton, Journal of Paleontology 81 4, 643-665
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1870 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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