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Purussaurus

Description

Purussaurus is an extinct genus of giant caiman that lived in South America during the Miocene epoch, from the Colhuehuapian to the Montehermosan in the SALMA classification. It is known from skull material found in the Brazilian and Peruvian Amazon, Colombian Villavieja Formation, Panamanian Culebra Formation and the Urumaco and Socorro Formations of northern Venezuela. This indicates how widespread the wetlands such a large caiman would require to survive were across South America in the Miocene.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4821898https://www.gbif.org/species/4821898
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)194770https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=194770
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Alligatoridae : Purussaurus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Alligatoridae : Purussaurus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
-Pseudosuchia
-SuchiaKrebs 1974
-ParacrocodylomorphaParrish 1993
-Loricata
-Crocodylomorpha
suborderCrocodyliformesHay 1930
-MesoeucrocodyliaWhetstone and Whybrow 1983
-NeosuchiaClark 1988
suborderEusuchiaHuxley 1875
-Crocodylia
-BrevirostresCuvier
superfamilyAlligatoroideaGray 1844
-GlobidontaBrochu 1999
familyAlligatoridaeGray 1844
-CaimaninaeBrochu 1999
genusPurussaurusRodrigues 1892
Scientific NamePurussaurus Rodrigues, 1892
Name Published InVellosia, ed. 2, 2
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Purussaurusgenusbelongs to Caimaninaestated with evidenceBrochu, 1999
Purussaurusgenusbelongs to Alligatoridaestated with evidenceRiff et al., 2010
Purussaurusgenusbelongs to Caimaninaestated with evidenceBrochu, 2010
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)4
First Recorded Appearance28.4 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic
Last Recorded Appearance9.00 - 5.33 Ma
Miocene
Environmentmarine (based on Mesoeucrocodylia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Crocodylia)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)P. Bona. 2007. A new species of Eocaiman Simpson (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) from the Lower Paleocene of Patagonia [Una nueva especie de Eocaiman Simpson (Crododylia, Alligatoridae) del Paleoceno Inferior de Patagonia]. Ameghiniana 44(2):435-445
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purussaurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Dinosuchus neivensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Purussaurus brasiliensis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
211.6 Ma
Miocene
9.00 Ma
Miocene
Purussaurus mirandai
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
911.6 Ma
Miocene
11.6 Ma
Miocene
Purussaurus neivensis
species
listed (PBDB)916.0 Ma
Miocene
13.8 Ma
Miocene

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Purusaurus Barbosa Rodrigues, 1892GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Alligatoridae : Purusaurus

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1892Purussaurus Barbosa Rodrigues
1999Purussaurus Brochu
2006Purussaurus Aguilera et al.
2007Purussaurus Bona
2008Purusaurus Jouve et al.
2010Purussaurus Brochu
2010Purussaurus Riff et al.
2011Purussaurus Brochu
2013Purussaurus Hastings et al.
2013Purussaurus Pinheiro et al.

References

Bona P. (2007) A new species of Eocaiman Simpson (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) from the Lower Paleocene of Patagonia [Una nueva especie de Eocaiman Simpson (Crododylia, Alligatoridae) del Paleoceno Inferior de Patagonia], Ameghiniana 44 2, 435-445
Brochu C. A. (1999) Phylogenetics, Taxonomy, and Historical Biogeography of Alligatoroidea, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 S2, 9-100
Aguilera O. A., Riff D., et al (2006) A new giant Purussaurus (Crocodyliformes, Alligatoridae) from the Upper Miocene Urumaco Formation, Venezuela, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 4 3, 221-232
Jouve S., Bardet N., et al (2008) The oldest African crocodylomorph: phylogeny, paleobiogeography, and differential survivorship of marine reptiles through the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 2, 409-421
Brochu C. A. (2010) A new alligatorid from the lower Eocene Green River Formation of Wyoming and the origin of caimans, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 4, 1109-1126
Riff D., Romano P. S., et al (2010) Neogene crocodile and turtle fauna in northern South America, Amazonia: Landscape and Species Evolution: A look into the past, 259-280
Brochu C. A. (2011) Phylogenetic relationships of Necrosuchus ionensis Simpson, 1937 and the early history of caimanines, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163, S228-S256
Hastings A. K., Bloch J. I., et al (2013) Systematics and biogeography of crocodylians from the Miocene of Panama, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 2, 239-263
Pinheiro A. E. P., Fortier D. C., et al (2013) A new Eocaiman (Alligatoridae, Crocodylia) from the Itaborai Basin, Paleogene of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Historical Biology 25 3, 327-337 doi:10.1080/08912963.2012.705838
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
original publication/web search (AJR). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Vellosia, ed. 2, 2 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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