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Microbiotherium ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4826815	https://www.gbif.org/species/4826815
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40003	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40003

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Microbiotheria : Microbiotheriidae : Microbiotherium

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Theriamorpha
-	Theriiformes
-	Trechnotheria	McKenna 1975
-	Cladotheria	McKenna 1975
-	Boreosphenida
subclass	Theria	Parker and Haswell 1897
subclass	Metatheria
-	Marsupialia
-	Australidelphia	Szalay 1982
superorder	Eometatheria	Simpson 1970
order	Microbiotheria	Ameghino 1899
family	Microbiotheriidae	(Ameghino 1887)
genus	Microbiotherium	Ameghino 1887

Scientific Name

Microbiotherium Ameghino, 1887

Name Published In

Enum. Mam. fós. Patag.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Microbiotherium	genus	belongs to Microbiotheridae	stated without evidence	Ameghino, 1894
Microbiotherium	genus	belongs to Microbiotheriidae	stated with evidence	Marshall, 1982
Microbiotherium	genus	belongs to Microbiotheriidae	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Microbiotherium	genus	belongs to Microbiotheriidae	stated without evidence	Goin et al., 2006
Microbiotherium	genus	belongs to Microbiotheria	stated without evidence	Goin et al., 2009
Microbiotherium	genus	belongs to Microbiotheriidae	stated with evidence	Oliveira and Goin, 2011
Microbiotherium	genus	belongs to Microbiotheriidae	stated without evidence	Abello et al., 2012

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene

Last Recorded Appearance

16.0 - 11.6 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Mammalia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore (based on Microbiotheriidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Theria)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. C. McKenna and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Microbiotherium acicula ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		4	17.5 Ma Miocene	17.5 Ma Miocene
Microbiotherium gallegosense ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	17.5 Ma Miocene
Microbiotherium patagonicum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	20.4 Ma Miocene	17.5 Ma Miocene
Microbiotherium praecursor ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Microbiotherium tehuelchum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Prodidelphys acicula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Proteodidelphys praecursor species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1887	Microbiotherium Ameghino
1891	Stylognathus Ameghino p. 23
1891	Eodidelphys Ameghino p. 24
1891	Prodidelphys Ameghino p. 24
1891	Hadrorhynchus Ameghino p. 25
1894	Eodidelphys Ameghino p. 105
1894	Microbiotherium Ameghino p. 105
1894	Prodidelphys Ameghino p. 105
1894	Stylognathus Ameghino p. 105

Year	Name and Author
1894	Hadrorhynchus Ameghino p. 106
1898	Proteodidelphys Ameghino p. 74
1929	Proteodidelphys Simpson pp. 130-131 figs. 2-5
1982	Microbiotherium Marshall
1997	Microbiotherium McKenna and Bell
2006	Microbiotherium Goin et al.
2009	Microbiotherium Goin et al.
2011	Microbiotherium Oliveira and Goin
2012	Microbiotherium Abello et al.

References

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Ameghino F. Nuevos restos de mamíferos fósiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. – Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones [New remains of fossil mammals discovered by Carlos Ameghino in the lower Eocene of southern Patagonia. – New species, additions, and corrections], Revista Argentina de Historia Natural 1, 289-328

Ameghino F. Enumeration synoptique des especes de mammifères fossiles des formations éocènes de Patagonie, Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Cordoba (Republica Argentina) 13, 259-452

Simpson G. G. (1929) American Mesozoic Mammalia, Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Yale University 3 1, 1-171

Marshall L. (1982) Systematics of the South American marsupial family Microbiotheriidae, Fieldiana Geology 10, 1-75

Goin F. J., Pascual R., et al (2006) The earliest Tertiary therian mammal from South America, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 2, 505-510

Goin F. J., Candela A. M., et al (2009) Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of ‘pseudodiprotodont’ marsupial radiations, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155, 867-884

Oliveira E. V., Goin F. J. (2011) A reassessment of bunodont metatherians from the Paleogene of Itaborai (Brazil): Systematics and the age of the Itaborian SALMA, Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 14 2, 105-136

Abello M. A., Ortiz-Jaureguizar E., et al (2012) Paleoecology of the Paucituberculata and Microbiotheria (Mammalia, Marsupialia) from the late Early Miocene of Argentina, Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation, 156-172

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Enum. Mam. fós. Patag. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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