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Levenea ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4870473	https://www.gbif.org/species/4870473
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	26840	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=26840

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Dalmanellidae : Levenea

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
-	Lophophorata
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Rhynchonellata	Williams et al. 1996
order	Orthida	Schuchert and Cooper 1932
suborder	Dalmanellidina	Moore 1952
superfamily	Dalmanelloidea	Schuchert 1913
family	Dalmanellidae	Schuchert 1913
subfamily	Isorthinae	Schuchert and Cooper 1931
genus	Levenea	Schuchert & Cooper 1931

Scientific Name

Levenea Schuchert & Cooper, 1931

Name Published In

Amer. J. Sci., 22

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Levenea	genus	belongs to Isorthinae	stated with evidence	Williams et al., 2000
Levenea	genus	belongs to Orthida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Levenea	genus	belongs to Isorthinae	stated with evidence	Rubel, 2011

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

445 - 443 Ma
Paleozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

393 - 388 Ma
Devonian

Motility

stationary, attached (based on Dalmanellidae)

Vision

blind (based on Rhynchonellata)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Dalmanellidae)

Ecospace Comments

BODY SIZE: Data from Williams et al (2002).

Taphonomy

minor ribbing

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Levenea canaliculata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		28	433 Ma Silurian	421 Ma Silurian
Levenea fagerholmi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Levenea llandoveriana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		73	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	439 Ma Silurian
Levenea loveni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Levenea media ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	439 Ma Silurian	439 Ma Silurian
Levenea mera ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Levenea navicula ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	412 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Levenea qianbeiensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	443 Ma Silurian	439 Ma Silurian
Levenea rica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	441 Ma Silurian	441 Ma Silurian
Levenea subcarinata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	423 Ma Silurian	416 Ma Early/Lower Devonian

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1931	Levenea Schuchert and Cooper
2000	Levenea Williams et al. p. 789
2002	Levenea Sepkoski, Jr.
2011	Levenea Rubel

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Williams A., Carlson S. J., et al (2000) Part H Brachiopoda (revised): Volumes 2 & 3, Linguliformea, Craniiformea, Rhynchonelliformea (part)., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, 1-919

Rubel M. (2011) Silurian brachiopods Dictyonellida, Strophomenida, Productida, Orthotetida, Protorthida and Orthida from Estonia, Fossilia Baltica 4, 1-65

Hallan, J. (2000-current). Biology Catalog. Web compilation accessible at http://bug.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/ (accessed June 2012). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Amer. J. Sci., 22 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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