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Tropidophiidae

Description

The Tropidophiidae, common name dwarf boas or thunder snakes, are a family of nonvenomous snakes found from Mexico and the West Indies south to southeastern Brazil. These are small to medium-sized fossorial snakes, some with beautiful and striking color patterns. Currently, two living genera, containing 34 species, are recognized. Two other genera (Ungaliophis and Exiliboa) were once considered to be tropidophiids but are now known to be more closely related to boids, and are classified in the subfamily Ungaliophiinae. There are a relatively large number of fossil snakes that have been described as tropidophiids (because their vertebrae are easy to identify), but which of these are more closely related to Tropidophis and Trachyboa and which are more closely related to Ungaliophis and Exiliboa is unknown.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)5020https://www.gbif.org/species/5020
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)65244https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65244
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Tropidophiidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Lepidosauromorpha
superorderLepidosauria
orderSquamataOppel 1811
suborderOphidia
-Serpentes
infraorderAlethinophidiaNopcsa 1923
-MacrostomataRitgen 1828
familyTropidophiidaeCope 1894
Common Namedwarf boa
Scientific NameTropidophiidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Tropidophiidaefamilybelongs to Alethinophidiastated with evidenceVidal and Hedges, 2002
Tropidophiidaefamilybelongs to Macrostomatastated with evidenceWilcox et al., 2002
Tropidophiidaefamilybelongs to AlethinophidiaimpliedAugé and Rage, 2006
Tropidophiidaefamilybelongs to Alethinophidiastated without evidenceSzyndlar et al., 2008
Tropidophiidaefamilybelongs to Macrostomatastated with evidenceLongrich et al., 2012
Tropidophiidaefamilybelongs to SerpentesimpliedVianey-Liaud et al., 2014
Tropidophiidaefamilybelongs to BooideaimpliedCernansky et al., 2015
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)11
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (9.1%)
First Recorded Appearance66.0 - 61.6 Ma
Paleocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Diapsida)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J.-C. Rage. 1991. Squamate reptiles from the early Paleocene of the Tiupampa area (Santa Lucía Formation), Bolivia. Suárez-Soruco, R. (ed.), Fósiles y facies de Bolivia. Vol. 1. Vertebrados. Revista Técnica de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos.
Common Name(s) Dwarf Boa, Dwarf Boas
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropidophiidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Dunnophis âśť
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2759.2 Ma
Paleocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene
Falseryx âśť
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1033.9 Ma
Oligocene
12.8 Ma
Miocene
Platyspondylia âśť
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1341.3 Ma
Eocene
28.1 Ma
Oligocene
Rottophis âśť
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
428.4 Ma
Oligocene
28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Szyndlaria âśť
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
147.8 Ma
Eocene
47.8 Ma
Eocene
Trachyboa
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Tropidophis
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1894Tropidophiidae Cope
2002Tropidophiidae Vidal and Hedges p. 983
2002Tropidophiidae Wilcox et al.
2006Tropidophiidae Augé and Rage p. 247
2008Tropidophiidae Szyndlar et al. p. 394
2012Tropidophiidae Longrich et al.
2014Tropidophiidae Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 575
2015Tropidophiidae Cernansky et al. p. 114

References

Rage J.-C. (1991) Squamate reptiles from the early Paleocene of the Tiupampa area (Santa Lucía Formation), Bolivia., Suárez-Soruco, R. (ed.), Fósiles y facies de Bolivia. Vol. 1. Vertebrados. Revista Técnica de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos., 503-508
Vidal N., Hedges S. B. (2002) Higher-level relationships of snakes inferred from four nuclear and mitochondrial genes, Comptes Rendus Biologies 325 9, 977-985
Wilcox T. P., Zwickl D. J., et al (2002) Phylogenetic relationships of dwarf boas and a comparison of Bayesian and bootstrap measures of phylogenetic support, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25, 361-371
Augé M., Rage J.-C. (2006) Herpetofaunas from the Upper Paleocene and Lower Eocene of Morocco, Annales de Paléontologie 92 3, 235-253 doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2005.09.001
Szyndlar Z., Smith R., et al (2008) A new dwarf boa (Serpentes, Booidea, 'Tropidophiidae') from the Early Oligocene of Belgium: a case of the isolation of Western European snake faunas, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 152 2, 393-406
Longrich N. R., Bhullar B.-A. S., et al (2012) A transitional snake from the Late Cretaceous period of North America, Nature 488, 205-208 doi:10.1038/nature11227
Vianey-Liaud M., Comte B., et al (2014) A new early late Oligocene (MP 26) continental vertebrate fauna from Saint-Privat-des-Vieux (Alès Basin, Gard, Southern France), Geodiversitas 36 4, 565-622 doi:10.5252/g2014n4a4
Cernansky A., Rage J. C., et al (2015) The Early Miocene squamates of Amöneburg (Germany): the first stages of modern squamates in Europe, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13 2, 97-128 doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.897266
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
McDiarmid, Roy W., Jonathan A. Campbell, and T'Shaka A. Touré, 1999: null. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. xi + 511. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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