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Philander

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Description

Philander may mean:

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philander, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5219946	https://www.gbif.org/species/5219946
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39984	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39984

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Didelphimorphia : Didelphidae : Philander

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Theriamorpha
-	Theriiformes
-	Trechnotheria	McKenna 1975
-	Cladotheria	McKenna 1975
-	Boreosphenida
subclass	Theria	Parker and Haswell 1897
subclass	Metatheria
-	Marsupialia
order	Didelphimorphia	Gill 1872
family	Didelphidae	Gray 1821
subfamily	Didelphinae	Gray 1827
tribe	Didelphini	Crochet 1979
genus	Philander	Brisson 1762

Common Name

four-eyed opossum

Scientific Name

Philander Brisson, 1762

Name Published In

Brisson, Mathurin-Jacques. 1762. Regnum animale in classes IX. distributum, sive, Synopsis methodica : sistens generalem animalium distributionem in classes IX, & duarum primarum classium, quadrupedum scilicet & cetaceorum, particularem divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera & species. Cum brevi cujusque speciei descriptione, citationibus auctorum de iis tractantium, nominibus eis ab ipsis & nationibus impositis, nominibusque vulgaribus. Lugduni Batavorum. (Haak) Editio altera auctior: + 1-296.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Philander	genus	belongs to Didelphidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Philander	genus	belongs to Didelphini	stated with evidence	Patton et al., 1996

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

6 (86%)

First Recorded Appearance

9.00 - 6.80 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Didelphidae)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

omnivore, carnivore (based on Didelphidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Theria)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. J. Brisson. 1762. Regnum Animale in classes IX distributum, sive synopsis methodica, Ed. 2

Common Name(s)

Black Four-eyed Opossums, Gray Four-eyed Opossums, Four-eyed Opossum

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philander

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Philander andersoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Philander centralis species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Philander entrerianus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	9.00 Ma Miocene	9.00 Ma Miocene
Philander frenatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Philander laniger species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Philander mcilhennyi species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Philander opossum species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Gray Four-eyed Opposum	2	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Philander opposum species	listed (PBDB)		2	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Zygolestes entrerianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Philander Tiedemann, 1808	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Didelphimorphia : Didelphidae : *Philander*
Metachirops Matschie, 1916	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Didelphimorphia : Didelphidae : *Metachirops*
Hylothylax Cabrera, 1919	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Didelphimorphia : Didelphidae : *Hylothylax*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1762	Philander Brisson p. 13
1988	Philander Carroll
1996	Philander Patton et al. p. 4

References

Brisson M. J. , Regnum Animale in classes IX distributum, sive synopsis methodica, Ed. 2

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Patton J. L., dos Reis S. F., et al (1996) Relationships among didelphid marsupials based on sequence variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome B gene, Journal of Mammalian Evolution 3 1, 3-29

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nowak, Ronald M., 1991: null. Walker's Mammals of the World, vol. 1, 5th ed.. 1629. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Reg. Anim. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 1894 Regnum Animale?, Ed. 2 (M. J. Brisson, 1762): rejected for Nomenciatural purposes, with the conservation of the Mammalian generic names Philander (Marsupialia), Pteropus (Chiroptera), Glis, Cuniculus and Hydrochoerus (Rodentia), Meles, Lutra and Hyaena (Carnivora), Tapirus (Perissodactyla), Tragulus and Giraffa (Artiodactyla).Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(1), 64-71 (1998) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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