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Pharidae

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Description

Pharidae is a taxonomic family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Adapedonta. This family of clams is related to the razor shells (Solenidae), a family which is considered to include Pharidae by some authorities.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	6847	https://www.gbif.org/species/6847
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	61700	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=61700

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Adapedonta : Pharidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Solenida : Pharidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Heteroconchia
-	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
-	Solenata	Dall 1889
order	Solenida	Dall 1889
superfamily	Solenoidea
family	Pharidae	Adams and A 1858

Scientific Name

Pharidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pharidae	family	belongs to Bivalvia	implied	Lamprell and Healy, 1998
Pharidae	family	belongs to Cultellidae	implied	Beesley, 1998
Pharidae	family	belongs to Solenoidea	stated without evidence	Coan et al., 2000
Pharidae	family	belongs to Solenoidea	stated with evidence	Rosenberg et al., 2006
Pharidae	family	belongs to Solenoidea	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2010
Pharidae	family	belongs to Solenoidea	stated with evidence	Carter et al., 2011

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

22 (50%)

First Recorded Appearance

247 - 242 Ma
Triassic

Motility

facultatively mobile

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder

Ecospace Comments

LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Bivalvia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. L. Beesley. 1998. Mollusca: the southern synthesis. Fauna of Australia 5

Common Name(s)

Knivmusslor

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cultellinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		190	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Novaculininae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Pharinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Rzehakiinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Siliquinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Afrophaxas genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cultellus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		61	237 Ma Middle Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Ensiculus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	41.3 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Ensis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		159	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Nasopharus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Neosiliqua genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Novaculina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Orbicularia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pharella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pharus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Phaxas genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Siliqua genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		80	145 Ma Late Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Sinonovacula genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Sinucultellus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sinupharus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Pharellidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Adapedonta : Pharellidae
Cultellidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Adapedonta : Cultellidae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1858	Pharidae Adams and A.
1998	Pharidae Beesley p. 341
1998	Pharidae Lamprell and Healy p. 180
2000	Pharidae Coan et al. p. 259
2006	Pharidae Rosenberg et al.
2010	Pharidae Bouchet et al.
2010	Pharidae Matsubara et al. p. 139
2011	Pharidae Carter et al. p. 18

References

Beesley P. L. (1998) Mollusca: the southern synthesis, Fauna of Australia 5

Lamprell K., Healy J. (1998) , Bivalves of Australia 2

Coan E. V., Scott P. V., et al (2000) Bivalve seashells of western North America, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural history Monographs 2, 1-764

Rosenberg G., Ponder W., et al (2006) A Biotic Database of Indo-Pacific Marine Mollusks doi:http://data.acnatsci.org/obis

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., et al (2010) Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families, Malacologia 52 2, 1-184 doi:10.4002/040.052.0201

Matsubara T., Kurita H., et al (2010) Eocene Mollusca from the Tainohata Formation in Kobe City, southwest Japan, Paleontological Research 14 2, 119-144 doi:10.2517/1342-8144-14.2.119

Carter J. G., Altaba C. R., et al (2011) A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca), University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Paleontological Contributions 4, 1-47

Cosel R. von (1993). The razor shells of the eastern Atlantic. Part 1: Solenidae and Pharidae I (Bivalvia: Solenacea). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 122 (Zilch Festschrift): 207-321 - via World Register of Marine Species

Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Bieler R., Carter J.G. & Coan E.V. (2010). Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1-184. - via World Register of Marine Species

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

CoL2006/ITIS - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (2016) Accessed through World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Millard, V., 1997: null. Classification of Mollusca: A classification of world wide Mollusca. 1-544. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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