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Phacoides

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Description

Phacoides is a genus of bivalves belonging to the family Lucinidae.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phacoides, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	7538267	https://www.gbif.org/species/7538267
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	54125	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54125

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Phacoides

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Phacoides

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Heteroconchia
-	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
-	Lucinidia	Gray 1854
order	Lucinida
superfamily	Lucinoidea	Fleming 1828
family	Lucinidae	Fleming 1828
subfamily	Lucininae	Fleming 1828
genus	Phacoides	Agassiz 1846

Scientific Name

Phacoides Agassiz, 1846

Name Published In

Nom. Zool. (Moll.)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Phacoides	genus	belongs to Lucinidae	stated with evidence	Glenn, 1904
Phacoides	genus	belongs to Pelecypoda	stated without evidence	Sellards, 1917
Phacoides	genus	belongs to Lucinidae	stated without evidence	Clark and Arnold, 1923
Phacoides	genus	belongs to Lucinidae	stated with evidence	Gardner, 1943
Phacoides	genus	belongs to Lucininae	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

5 (18%)

First Recorded Appearance

83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Motility

facultatively mobile (based on Lucinidae)

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

chemosymbiotic (based on Lucinidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Lucinidae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. H. Sellards. 1917. Review of the evidence on which the human remains found at Vero, Florida, are referred to the Pleistocene. Florida State Geological Survey Annual Report 9:69-81

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phacoides

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Phacoides (Bellucina) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	14	28.1 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Phacoides (Phacoides) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	4	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Phacoides andersoni species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Phacoides cerma ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Phacoides diaboli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Phacoides eaglesomei species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Phacoides eudaidalus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Miltha hillsboroensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Phacoides muirensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	61.6 Ma Paleocene	61.6 Ma Paleocene
Phacoides nocariensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Phacoides ocalanus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Phacoides pacifica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Phacoides pectinatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Phacoides perovatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Phacoides pullensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Phacoides quadrata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Phacoides silicatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	6	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Phacoides subrhomboidalis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Phacoides subsquamosa ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Phacoides thalassogonus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Phacoides wacissanus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	18	33.9 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Phacoides woodi species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Dentilucina P.Fischer, 1887	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : *Dentilucina*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1825	Phacoides Blainville p. 550
1904	Phacoides Glenn p. 336
1917	Phacoides Sellards
1923	Phacoides Clark and Arnold p. 144
1925	Phacoides Woodring p. 117
1928	Phacoides Nagao p. 58

Year	Name and Author
1931	Phacoides Olsson p. 49
1935	Phacoides Oostingh p. 173
1943	Phacoides Gardner p. 76
1980	Phacoides Vokes p. 102
1982	Phacoides Woodring p. 614

References

Sellards E. H. (1917) Review of the evidence on which the human remains found at Vero, Florida, are referred to the Pleistocene, Florida State Geological Survey Annual Report 9, 69-81

Glenn L. C. (1904) Pelecypoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 274-401

Clark B. L., Arnold R. (1923) Fauna of the Sooke Formation Vancouver Island, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 14 5, 123-234

Woodring W. P. (1925) Miocene Molluscs from Bowden, Jamaica. Part 1: Pelecypods and Scaphopods, Contributions to the Geology and Palaeontology of the West Indies

Nagao T. (1928) Palaeogene fossils of the Island of Kyushu, Japan Part II, Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University 12 1, 11-140

Olsson A. A. (1931) Contributions to the Tertiary Paleontology of Northern Peru: Part 4, The Peruvian Oligocene, Bulletins of American Paleontology 17 63

Oostingh C. H. (1935) Die Mollusken des Pliozäns von Boemiajoe (Java), Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indië Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen 26, 1-247

Gardner J. A. (1943) Mollusca from the Miocene and Lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 199 A

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Woodring W. P. (1982) Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoing parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (Pelecypods: Propeamussiidae to Cuspidariidae)., United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306 F

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Taylor J.D. & Glover E.A. (2016). Lucinid bivalves of Guadeloupe: diversity and systematics in the context of the tropical Western Atlantic (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Lucinidae). Zootaxa. 4196(3): 301-380. - via World Register of Marine Species

Nom. Zool. (Moll.) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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