| Description | The bullhead sharks are a small order (Heterodontiformes) of modern sharks (Neoselachii). The nine living species are placed in a single genus, Heterodontus, in the family Heterodontidae. All are relatively small, with the largest species reaching just 1.65 metres (5.5 ft) in maximum length. They are bottom feeders in tropical and subtropical waters.
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | order |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Heterodontiformes |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Heterodontiformes |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Common Name | bullhead shark |
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| Scientific Name | Heterodontiformes |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Heterodontiformes | suborder | belongs to Euselachii | stated without evidence | Cassier, 1966 | | Heterodontiformes | order | belongs to Selachii | stated without evidence | Applegate, 1970 | | Heterodontiformes | order | belongs to Galeomorphii | stated with evidence | Thies, 1983 | | Heterodontiformes | order | belongs to Galeomorphii | stated without evidence | Biddle, 1993 | | Heterodontiformes | order | belongs to Chondrichthyes | second hand | Sepkoski, 2002 | | Heterodontiformes | order | belongs to Galeomorphii | stated with evidence | Delsate, 2003 | | Heterodontiformes | order | belongs to Galea | stated without evidence | Underwood and Ward, 2004 | | Heterodontiformes | order | belongs to Neoselachii | stated without evidence | Kriwet, 2008 | | Heterodontiformes | order | belongs to Galeomorphii | stated without evidence | Kriwet et al., 2009 | | Heterodontiformes | order | belongs to Galeomorphi | stated with evidence | Long, 2011 | | Heterodontiformes | order | belongs to Galeomorphii | stated without evidence | Ebersole et al., 2019 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 79 |
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| Extant Size (PBDB) | 8 (10%) |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 359 - 323 Ma
Paleozoic |
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| Environment | marine (based on Vertebrata) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Selachii) |
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| Diet | carnivore (based on Selachii) |
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| Taphonomy | phosphatic (based on Vertebrata) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560 |
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| Common Name(s) | Bullhead Shark, Bullhead Sharks, Varkenshaaien, ネコザメ |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterodontiformes |
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| Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560 |
| Cassier F. C. (1966) Faune Ichthyologique du London Clay, 1-496 |
| Applegate S. P. (1970) The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama, Fieldiana: Geology Memoires 3 8, 385-433 |
| Thies D. (1983) Jurazeitliche Neoselachier aus Deutschland und S-England (Jurassic neoselachians from German and S-England), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 58, 1-116 |
| Biddle J. P. (1993) Les Elasmobranches de l'Albien inferieur et moyen (Cretace inferieur) de la Marne et de la Haute-Marne (France), Belgian Geological Survey 264, 191-240 |
| Delsate D. (2003) Une nouvelle faune des poissons et requins Toarciens du sud du Luxembourg (Dudelange) et de L'Allemange (Schömberg), Bulletin de l'Académie Lorrain des Sciences 42, 13-49 |
| Underwood C. J., Ward D. J. (2004) Neoselachian sharks and rays from the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic), Palaeontology 47 3, 447-501 |
| Kriwet J. (2008) Anew species of extinct bullhead sharks, Paracestracion viohli sp. nov. (Neoselachii, Heterodontiformes), from the Upper Jurassic of South Germany, Acta Geologica Polonica 58 2, 235-241 |
| Kriwet J., Nunn E. V., et al (2009) Neoselachians (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Lower and lower Upper Cretaceous of north-eastern Spain, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 2, 316-347 doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00439.x |
| Long J. A. (2011) , The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution (Second Edition), 1-287 |
| Ebersole J. A., Cicimurri D. J., et al (2019) Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, European Journal of Taxonomy 585, 1-274 doi:10.5852/ejt.2019.585 |
| Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Compagno, L.J.V. (2001). Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Volume 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 1, Vol. 2. Rome, FAO. 269p. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Compagno, Leonard J. V., 2001: Sharks of the World: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date, vol. 2: Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes, no. 1, vol. 2. viii + 269. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Compagno, Leonard J. V. / Hamlett, William C., ed., 1999: Checklist of Living Elasmobranchs. Sharks, Skates, and Rays: The Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes. 471-498. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Compagno, Leonard J. V., 1984: Sharks of the World: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 4, pt. 1. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Nelson, Joseph S., 1994: null. Fishes of the World, Third Edition. xvii + 600. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
Heterodontiformes
